This paper compares the performance of various popular convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for image classification on the CIFAR10 dataset. The comparison includes CNN architectures such as Inception V3, Inception-ResNet-v2, ResNetV1, and V2, ResNeXt, MobileNet, and DenseNet, with the addition of two attention mechanisms - Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), and Squeeze and Excitation (SE). CBAM and SE are believed to improve CNNs' performance, especially for complex images with multiple objects and backgrounds. The models are evaluated using loss and accuracy. The main focus of this study is to identify the most effective CNN architecture for image classification on the CIFAR10 dataset with attention mechanisms. The study aims to compare the accuracy of various CNN architectures with and without attention mechanisms and to identify the critical differences between these architectures in terms of their ability to handle complex images. The findings of this study could have implications for developing advanced CNN architectures that can potentially improve the accuracy of computer vision systems in various applications.

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Thermofluid dynamics of an unconfined steady two-dimensional laminar jet impinging on an isothermal protruded heater is numerically studied for low jet inlet Reynolds number (Re) between 50 and 250. Results are shown for a range of impingement distance h/W between 1 to 10 for Prandtl numbers (Pr) 0.71 and 7.56. The volumetric entrainment increases with increasing h/W and decreasing Re. The reattachment distance of the wall jet appears to increase with Re and shows discernible deviation from the backward-facing step flow prediction for Re>150. Correlations are presented for average heater surface and sidewall Nusselt numbers as functions of Re and h/W for Pr=0.71 and Pr=7.56. In an overall convection dominant heat transfer, a relatively warmer and diffusion-dominated recirculation zone is identified adjacent to the sidewall with a low Nusselt number, which enhances significantly at Pr=7.56 when Re is increased beyond 100. At a low impingement distance, integrated kinetic energy flux shows greater magnitude in the impingement region but with a higher decay rate. The integrated heat flux is greatly influenced by Re, and the effect is more pronounced at Pr=0.71. Self-similar behavior is observed for the velocity and heat flux profiles throughout the length in the developed region and for the temperature distribution over the heater. Both high Re and high h/W seem to adversely affect the self-similar behavior owing to a slower wall jet development.

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