<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sinonasal masses (SNM) are a fairly common clinical entity that occurs amongst patients of all age groups. There symptoms and signs frequently overlap, hence a diagnostic dilemma exists. A correct diagnosis is prudent for instituting correct treatment and expecting recovery. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to decipher and study the various pathologies that present as sinonasal masses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective analysis done on 80 patients of SNM who presented to the Department of ENT, Subharti Medical College and Hospital, Meerut from May 2016 to April 2017. Their biodata, clinical profile and histolopathological diagnosis were analyzed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> SNM were male predominant and were non-neoplastic in 53 cases (66.25%). Nasal obstruction was the most common presenting feature (71 cases, 88.75%). Nasal polyps are the most commonly encountered SNM. Non-neoplastic SNM were common in the age group of 11 to 40 years. Benign SNM were common during the 2^nd to 4^th decade of life, while malignant SNM were common from 5^th decade onwards.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> SNM constitute a very wide spectrum of differential diagnoses. They have a male predominance and majority are non-neoplastic. Nasal polyps are the most commonly encountered SNM, seen during 2^nd to 4^th decade of life, while squamous cell carcinoma is the most commonly encounterd malignancy, generally from 5^th decade onwards. Surgery is the treatment of choice.</p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vitiligo is a progressive depigmenting cutaneous disorder, resulting from the loss of melanocytes. In the inner ear, melanocytes are believed to play an important role in development and normal functioning of stria vascularis. Acoustic abnormalities in vitiligo patients remain obscured for long durations. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical sensorineural hearing loss in vitiligo patients, if any, in comparison with controls and to detect any relevant demographic or clinical finding characteristic of hypoacusis in vitiligo patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective case control study was undertaken in 50 vitiligo patients (case group), who were compared with another 50 age and sex matched healthy volunteers (control group). All cases underwent detailed dermatological and ENT examination and were subjected to tests like pure tone audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A statistically significant (p value = 0.039), higher average pure tone hearing threshold (APT-HT) was noted in vitiligo patients in comparison with the control group. Vitiligo originating at the head and neck was strongly associated with hypoacusis (54.55%, 6 of 11 cases). TEOAE reproducibility % was reduced to 42.6% in the vitiligo group.</p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Vitiligo is associated with subclinical sensorineural hypoacusis. Vitiligo with its primary site in head and neck region and co-exixting leucotrichia shows a strong association with asymptomatic sensorineural hypoacusis in such patients. Pure tone audiometery and TEOAE can be effectively used to assess and follow up vitiligo patients for asymptomatic subclinical sensorineural hypoacusis.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tubercular otitis media (TOM) is a well described rare entity in literature. Its characteristic diagnostic delay leads to severe irreversible complications. Diagnosis is much more difficult when it co-exists with aural cholesteatoma. Its Actual incidence is thought to be much more, than what is reported in literature. This study was carried out to establish TOM as an under diagnosed entity and to study its various presentations<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study was performed in 617 cases (both recurrence and new) of chronic otitis media who gave a fully informed consent, for being investigated for a probable diagnosis of TOM, based on history and clinical findings. Histopathological examination of the granulation tissue retrieved during biopsy/mastoid exploration surgery and mycobacterial culture of the aural discharge was performed in all cases. A final diagnosis was made with either of tests being reported as positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. All confirmed cases were treated with a 6 month course of anti-tubercular therapy<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Diagnosis of TOM was confirmed in 12 cases. M:F ratio was 1:1.4. Cholesteatoma was found to co-exist in 4 cases (33.33%). A positive histopathology report was obtained in 11 cases (91.67%) while the mycobacterial culture yielded growth in 3 cases (25%) only. Canal wall down mastoidectomy was performed in 9 cases. In all cases, a follow-up with a 6 months course of anti-tubercular therapy gave satisfactory healing with no complications<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The incidence of TOM, a potentially dangerous entity is on a rise. Role of surgery is crucial in procuring tissue for histopathological and bacteriological examination.  It is a curable disease if diagnosed in time with early institution of anti-tubercular therapy<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cervical lymphadenopathy is the most common site of peripheral lymphadenopathy and is frequently encountered in otorhinolaryngology practice. Assessment and predicting its clinical behavior is not an easy task. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is being routinely adopted as a special technique to diagnose the cause of lymphadenopathy. This study was undertaken to identify the clinic-demographic parameters in distribution of cases of cervical lymphadenopathy. FNAC was evaluated as a diagnostic tool by corroborating its results with histopathological examination of the excised lymph nodes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, on 100 patients of cervical lymphadenopathy, over a period of two years. Along with detailed history, meticulous clinical examinations and investigations were performed. In all cases the diagnosis provided by FNAC and histopathology examination of the excised lymph node were correlated. RESULTS: Tuberculosis (45%) was the most common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy, followed by reactive (26%) and metastatic secondaries (21%) and lymphoma (8%). Maximum presentation was in 3 rd decade (22%) and bilateral involvement was seen in 20% cases. Posterior triangle was the most common site involved (45%). Overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 92%. CONCLUSION: Most common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy are tuberculosis, reactive lymphadenitis and metastatic secondaries. FNAC is a cheap, quick, readily available and dependable diagnostic modality and can be used as a first line investigatory tool in outdoor departments.

No abstract