Problems faced in modern communications are not only just related to security but also concerned with the communication speed and content size.Now day's networks demand exchange of information with more security and reduction in both -data storage and the time for data transmission. This can be realized by adopting an integrated approach usingcompression and encryption techniques, such a system is termed as cryptocompression system. Encryption is a coding technique that provides security whereas data compression is also a coding technique, whose purpose is to reduce both the data storage size and ultimately the time for data transmission. In this paper, an algorithm has been proposed which uses the compression and data encryption techniques. Firstly, data size is reduced through various compression techniques in order to increase the data transfer rate. Then the compressed data is encrypted to raise its security. Thus, technique proposed in this paper is useful in reducing data size, raising data transfer rate and providing security during communication. In this proposed system, encoded string is created from an input string of symbols and characters based on entropy encoding technique like arithmetic coding that can be used to achieve high level of compression in the present network topologies for exchange of data with more security and compression.

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Introduction Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), constituting 25% of NHL cases (Teras, 2016). Although survival rates have improved, with a 5-year relative survival of 63.8% in the United States (SEER Cancer Statistics, 2018), outcomes in DLBCL remain heterogeneous with inferior survival amongst some patient subgroups. Racial and ethnic disparities in access to care and outcomes are well-established and are critical issues across a number of malignancies, including NHL (Shenoy, 2011; Griffiths, 2010). The purpose of this study was to assess for racial and ethnic differences in patient and disease characteristics at diagnosis, and in outcomes for patients diagnosed with DLBCL within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), where access to care may be less susceptible to other socioeconomic factors. Methods Trained abstractors performed a retrospective chart review of 2036 randomly selected patients seen in the VHA nationwide who were diagnosed with lymphoma between 01/01/2011 and 12/31/2017. We included patients diagnosed with DLBCL and excluded patients based on the criteria in Figure 1. We evaluated baseline patient and disease characteristics, including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, stage at diagnosis, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, pathology reports to identify high-grade lymphomas, and response to first-line treatment. Results A total of 971 patients met inclusion criteria for analysis. Patients were predominantly male, white, had a median age of 67, and presented primarily with advanced disease (Table 1). Patients in each subgroup presented with similar rates of stage III and IV disease, with no statistically significant difference in stage at presentation amongst each racial subgroup (white vs black, P=0.85; white vs Hispanic, P=0.30; white vs other, P=0.11). Most patients in each racial/ethnic group had a good performance status at diagnosis, with ECOG 0-2 in 75.4 - 82.5% of patients in each subgroup. The entire study population had an objective response rate (ORR) of 87.4% (complete response (CR) rate 66%) (Table 2). Response rates were similar across the 4 subgroups, with the majority of patients achieving a complete response (CR) after first-line therapy (66.7%, 68.9%, 65.3%, and 70% for black, Hispanic, white, and other/unknown patients, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in ORR amongst subgroups (white vs black, P=0.28; white vs Hispanic, P=0.75; white vs other, P=0.75). Median overall survival (OS) from the time of diagnosis was 40.5 months for the entire study population (Table 2). OS rates were similar regardless of race with a median OS of 43 months for black patients, 49.2 months for Hispanic patients, 40.5 months for white patients, and 33.3 months for other/unknown patients (Figure 2). There was no statistically significant difference in median OS between subgroups (white vs black, P= 0.84; white vs Hispanic, P=0.39; white vs other, P=0.18). The 1-year survival rates were similar at 75.8%, 72.1%, 76.4%, and 71.7% for black, Hispanic, white, and other/unknown patient subgroups, respectively. Between 60 - 68.5% of patients in each subgroup remained alive at 2 years, with no significant differences in survival rates at 1 or 2 years. Conclusions In this retrospective study of patients diagnosed with DLBCL in the VHA nationwide, we found that there were no statistically significant differences in baseline patient characteristics at diagnosis or in response rates to first-line chemotherapy, 1- and 2-year OS rates, or median OS amongst each racial subgroup. Potential limitations of this study include that the population is predominantly male and therefore, may not be applicable to the female population, and that there was missing/incomplete data for pathologic assessment of high grade lymphoma in 68.5% of our population, which could provide important data about expected outcomes. Further studies with a longer follow-up period are needed to help characterize potential differences in outcomes and relapse rates. Our data suggest that when standard of care therapy is given equally to patients with DLBCL, similar outcomes occur for black, Hispanic, and white patients. The development of interventions to address healthcare disparities and to ensure access to appropriate and timely care for all patient populations is of paramount importance. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The versatility of emerging cancer therapies is due to the advancements in gene focused strategies whereby the identification of key driver mutations has led to the development of selectively targeted drugs. Crizotinib is one such drug used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A rare but serious adverse effect (AE) of interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been reported in about 2% of patients on Crizotinib. CASE PRESENTATION:A 63 year-old man with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, history of Hodgkin's lymphoma post radiation, tobacco use presented with dyspnea, cough, and fever. Physical exam revealed respiratory distress, SpO2 89% on room air and diffuse rhonchi bilaterally. He was placed on 6 liters of nasal cannula with improvement in hypoxia. White blood cell was 11000/uL, c-reactive protein (CRP) 14.23 mg/d, procalcitonin 4.72ng/ml and brain natriuretic peptide 309 pg/ml. Sputum culture, COVID real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respiratory viral panel and a methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal PCR swab were all negative. Chest radiograph showed bilateral consolidations, concerning for multifocal community acquired pneumonia for which he received broad spectrum antibiotics. However, the patient's respiratory status worsened on day 2. He was requiring 40L and FiO2 60% on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) to keep SpO2 > 92%. The patient then reported starting Crizotinib 250 mg oral twice/day 9 days ago and developed dyspnea and cough shortly thereafter. A computer tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed a right lower lobe segmental pulmonary embolism (PE) and severe bilateral airspace disease, with diffuse consolidation and ground glass opacities. He received anticoagulation for the PE and methylprednisolone 500mg IV twice/day due to concern for Crizotinib induced ILD. There was marked improvement in his respiratory status with decreasing oxygen requirements after steroid initiation.DISCUSSION: Crizotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that suppresses anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene activity. ILD due to Crizotinib is thought to be related to direct cytotoxicity to the pneumocytes. Risk factors include male sex, smoking, history of pulmonary fibrosis, history of radiation and combination therapy with immunotherapy. Our patient had several risk factors, except history of pulmonary fibrosis. There is no established therapy for TKI induced ILD, but some case reports recommend using systemic corticosteroids. Other case reports have demonstrated that continuing therapy with another ALK inhibitor, such as Alectinib, did not result in recurrence of ILD.CONCLUSIONS: TKIs are generally well tolerated but can rarely cause severe ILD. It is important to consider risk factors for TKI induced ILD prior to their administration. Prompt discontinuation of the drug and treatment with corticosteroids can cause symptomatic resolution of TKI induced ILD.