The ECMO is valuable in patients with SV however results depend on anatomy, procedure, and support indication. Persistent markers of poor perfusion, end-organ injury, and prolonged ECMO duration are associated with mortality. Those factors could be modified by early ECMO application before organ damage, meticulous homeostasis to ensure adequate perfusion, early diagnosis, and reoperation on residual lesions to expedite weaning.

Despite established selection criteria and improved surgical technique and medical management, there is a continuous failure and attrition risk following BCPC. Outcomes are influenced by underlying cardiac anomaly; patients with dominant left ventricle (i.e. tricuspid atresia, double inlet left ventricle) having the best survival while those with dominant right ventricle (i.e. hypoplastic left heart syndrome, double outlet right ventricle with heterotaxy) having the worst survival. Increased PVR remains a significant factor affecting mortality.

ECPR plays a valuable role in children having refractory postoperative cardiac arrest. Survival is unrelated to cardiac physiology or surgical complexity. Timely support prior to the emergence of end-organ injury and surgical correction of residual cardiac lesions might enhance survival.

No abstract

Complex biventricular repair can be performed in neonates and infants with severe LVOTO with mid-term survival that is equivalent to that published following balloon or surgical aortic valvotomy. Associated lesions are significant factors that influence outcome and proper patient selection may further improve survival. In neonates with concomitant arch obstruction and VSD, the Yasui operation may be associated with lower early mortality risk. Neonates with concomitant mitral valve pathology may be better served with single ventricle palliation strategy.