Objectives: To compare the perinatal outcome (low birth weight, preterm delivery) in women with <6 month versus 12-17 months of interpregnancy birth interval. Material and methods: This Cohort study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital Lahore from March 2020 to September 2020. Total 420 patients with age range 18-40 years, singleton pregnancy, women with previous live birth, parity 1-4 and Gestational age > 28 weeks assessed on LMP were selected for this study. Patients were divided into two groups (A & B) according to their inter-pregnancy interval i.e. <6 months group labelled as A group and 12-17 months group labelled as B group. All patients in both groups will be followed till delivery and the perinatal outcome i.e. preterm delivery (birth occurred before completion of 37 weeks of gestation) and low birth weight (those babies whose weight less than 2.5 Kg at the time of birth) were noted. Results: The mean age of women in group A was 26.73 ± 6.56 years and in group B was 26.73 ± 6.56 years. The perinatal outcome was preterm delivery in 189 (90.0%) and low birth weight babies in 143 (68.10%) women of <6 months while in 12-17 months interpregnancy interval, it was noted in 111 (52.86%) and 102 (48.57%) women respectively Conclusion: Our study concluded that appropriate inter pregnancy interval could reduce the rate of preterm delivery and low birth weight babies and optimal interval associated with the lowest risk of adverse perinatal outcome was 12-17 months. Keywords: Birth spacing, short interval, preterm delivery, low birth weight.

Placenta Previa is defined as a condition where the placenta covers the opening of the cervix. It can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy. Its incidence is about 0.28–2%. Objective: The main objective of this study was to find any association between placenta previa and previous C-section among patients presenting at Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out from April 2019 to October 2019 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit III, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. 60 patients were selected aged 18-40 years with singleton pregnancy at gestational age more than 24 weeks and having history of one or more cesarean sections in previous pregnancies were included in the study. Results: 60 patients included in this study had mean age of 32.31+ 4.0 years, the mean gestational age was 32.02+ 3.21 weeks. Out of 60 cases, 2(9.5%) placenta previa was seen in one previous C-Section, 3(8.6%) and 1(25%) placenta previa were seen in 2nd 3rd previous C-section respectively. Placenta previa less seen in 2(9.1%) cases with abortion as compare to 4(10.5%) cases with no abortion. The smoking history was seen in only 2(40%) cases having placenta previa. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study that placenta previa is not so common in pregnancies after cesarean section but its number is significantly high in cases that had previous 1 or 2 cesarean sections. Keywords: Placenta Previa, C-section, multiparity, vaginal bleeding