No abstract

In the current examination, the nutritional composition, phytochemical content and antibacterial activities of an extract from Senna alata leaf and stem were all evaluated. The Candle bush (Senna alata) leaf and stem were then cleaned, allowed to air dry at room temperature, and then ground. In ethanol aqueous solutions, extracts of the leaves and stems were produced. To ascertain the nutritional composition, antibacterial content, and phytochemical property, standard techniques were employed. Moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, ash content, crude fat and carbohydrate for Senna alata were measured at 16.43± 0.02, 18.89± 0.05, 9.36± 0.03, 6.17± 0.02, 16.73± 0.01, 32.42 ± 0.05 respectively for leaves extract and 4.43± 0.04, 14.22± 0.02, 5.46± 0.01, 4.17± 0.03, 14.56± 0.05, 57.16± 0.02 respectively for stem extract. Alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, saponin, tannin, and phlobatannin were quantitatively and qualitatively identified in Senna alata's aqueous and ethanolic extracts utilizing leaf and stem extract, respectively. Amoxicillin was used as the control and the zones of inhibition by ethanolic extracts (leaf and stem) against streptococcus were determined at 3.5 mm, 3.5 mm, and zone of 6.5 mm, respectively. The zones of inhibition for ethanolic against E. coli were, respectively, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, and amoxicillin medication as control at zone of 4.5 mm. At zones of 5.0 mm, 5.0 mm, for both stem and leaves, and 6.0 mm for the amoxicillin medication as control, ethanolic extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus. As the outcome suggests, Senna alata's stem and leaves both demonstrate that they contain antimicrobial compounds and have a high therapeutic potential for use as sources of safer or more effective antimicrobial agent replacements for synthetically produced antimicrobial agents, which are conventionally hailed as being effective in treating infections.

This work aimed to characterize pharmaceutical waste generated in Sam Ace Pharmaceutical in Ede, Osun-state, and assess wastewater treatment plant performance by bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and the feasibility of wastewater reuse. Freshly discharged pharmaceutical wastewater was collected and analyzed for the physicochemical parameters such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Nitrate, Phosphate, Magnesium, Calcium, Zinc, and Copper by standard methods. 190ml of the sterilized FPWWS was inoculated with pharmaceutical wastewater for two weeks and determined the physicochemical parameters at a 7-day interval. The results observed for raw, bio-treated and removal efficiency showed: BOD(200 mg-1, 90 mg-1 , 45 mg-1 and 55%, 75.5%), COD(395 mg-1, 330 mg-1, 150 mg-1 and 16.46 %, 62.03%), TDS(11200 mg-1, 250 mg-1, 130 mg-1 and 79.17%, 89.17%), Nitrate (165 mg-1, 88 mg-1, 43 mg-1 and 46.67%, 73.94%) phosphate (31 mg-1, 18 mg-1, 6 mg-1, and 41.94%, 80.65%), magnesium (75 mg-1, 55 mg-1, 17 mg-1, and 22.67%, 77.33%), calcium (80 mg-1, 57 mg-1, 25 mg-1, and 28.75%, 68.75%), zinc (0.05 mg-1, 0.03 mg-1, 0.001 mg-1, and 40%, 98.6%), copper (0.06, 0.02, 0.001) Bacteria (Bacillus sp.) showed a potential removal of pollutants and other wastes from the fish pond wastewater.

The ability of L-asparaginase to inhibit the formation of cancer cells has aroused scientists' curiosity in biological realms. In cancer cells, L-asparaginase suppresses protein synthesis by hydrolyzing L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. As a result, it's a crucial therapeutic enzyme in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in combination with other drugs (ALL). This enzyme has recently been discovered to be useful in a number of scientific fields, including clinical research, pharmacology, and the food business. Purification, characterization, and assessment of the cytotoxic effect of Amycolatopsis japonica L-asparaginase were the goals of this study. Amycolatopsis japonica was isolated from the plant rhizosphere and L-asparaginase was recovered. With a molecular weight of 37.5 KDa, partially purified L-asparaginase from A. japonica had a total activity of 1968.98 U with 26.696 mg total protein and a specific activity of 73.75 U/mg, 6.42 purification fold, and 42.86 percent recovery yield. In the presence of EDTA, Mg2+, pH8, 45oC, and 0.13 mM L-asparagine, L-asparaginase from A. japonica demonstrated good activity and stability, with Km and Vmax values of 0.13 mM L-asparagine and 0.43U/ mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity of L- asparaginase from A.japonica against a colon cancer cell line was high; with an IC50 value of 36 L. Amycolatopsis japonica could be a source of L-asparaginase, which could be a new target for cancer cells.

Present dependence on fossil sources for meeting energy demand globally is unsustainable as a result of non‐renewable and depleting supplies. Therefore, this study focuses on production and characterization of biodiesel by Chlorococcum littorale (Chlorococcum sp.) isolated from fish pond in Owode fish farm, Nigeria. Biomass concentration, lipid extraction and quantification were determined by filtration, solvent extraction and gravimetric methods. Extracted lipid was transesterified to diesel through process catalyzed by concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid. The constituents of fats in biodiesel produced were examined through chromatography of gas and spectroscopy of mass. Model prediction was used to assess physical and chemical parameters of biodiesel. The data gathered was subjected to statistical analysis. Chlorococcum sp. had biomass concentration (4.42 ± 0.02 g/L), Lipid content (67.75% and biodiesel yield (96.33%). Biodiesel had 48.3%, 29.20%, and 22.50% fatty acids that are saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, respectively. The biodiesel produced has the kinematic viscosity (2.74 mm2/s at 40°C); point of flash (245°C); point of cloud (7°C); point of pour (−2°C) and density (0.8760 g/cm3). Furthermore, the acidity level (0.44 mgKOH/g), value of saponification (186.49 mgKOH/g), value of peroxide (3.25 meq/kg), iodine content (38.27 mgI2/g) as well as the free fatty acid (1.34%), number of cetane (65.78), oxidative resistance (7.33 h), saturated factor of long chain (28.16°C), plugging point of cold filter (35.62°C) and high heating value (43.24°C) fell within required standard by international body. Thus, Chlorococcum sp. is ideal microalgae isolate for the biodiesel production. The biodiesel produced conform satisfactorily with the acceptable global standard.