This article investigates a growing acceptance and approval of cosmetic surgery among Americans. An analysis of recent media coverage of cosmetic surgery reveals two dominant narrative frames that project favorable interpretations of cosmetic surgery. Several normalizing themes within these narrative frames are highlighted, including associations between cosmetic surgery and scienti c progress, technological innovation, and mental and physical health. Common portrayals of the body undergoing cosmetic surgery are also analyzed, with attention drawn to the ways in which these portrayals promote normalized understandings of cosmetic surgery. In the last sections of this article, the author suggests some potential consequences of the normalization of cosmetic surgery: virulent forms of social control, a disruption of mind-body re exivity, and a loss of the body's innate capacity for knowledge. KEY WORDS: cosmetic surgery, body, feminist theory, technology, normalization. As a child, I often dreamt of living among fembots. My entire family had become fembots except for me. Fembots, creatures in my favorite television series "The BionicWoman," 1 were exact external copies of human beings, down to every freckle, every scar, and yet, when you pulled at their faces, their skin would peel off to reveal whirring gears and motors -they were only machines, evil machines, that had replaced the unique humanness of each being. The Bionic Woman soon found a method of deciphering fembots from humans: fembots had, at the nape of their necks, a small egg-shaped nodule, easily concealed by clothing. In my dream I discovered that each of my family members had such a nodule and, with growing anxiety, I peeled back their faces one by one, nding myself alone amongst a sea of whirring gears.

Background: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence have recommended faecal calprotectin (FC) testing as an option in adults with lower gastrointestinal symptoms for whom specialist investigations are being considered, if cancer is not suspected and it is used to support a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome. York Hospital and Vale of York Clinical Commissioning Group have developed an evidence-based care pathway to support this recommendation for use in primary care. It incorporates a higher FC cut-off value, a 'traffic light' system for risk and a clinical management pathway. Objectives: To evaluate this care pathway. Methods: The care pathway was introduced into five primary care practices for a period of six months and the clinical outcomes of patients were evaluated. Negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) were calculated. GP feedback of the care pathway was obtained by means of a web-based survey. Comparator gastroenterology activity in a neighbouring trust was obtained. Results: The care pathway for FC in primary care had a 97% NPV and a 40% PPV. This was better than GP clinical judgement alone and doubled the PPV compared with the standard FC cut-off (<50 mcg/g), without affecting the NPV. In total, 89% of patients with IBD had an FC > 250 mcg/g and were diagnosed by 'straight to test' colonoscopy within three weeks. The care pathway was considered helpful by GPs and delivered a higher diagnostic yield after secondary care referral (21%) than the conventional comparator pathway (5%). Conclusions: A care pathway for the use of FC that incorporates a higher cut-off value, a 'traffic light' system for risk and supports clinical decision making can be achieved safely and effectively. It maintains the balance between a high NPV and an acceptable PPV. A modified care pathway for the use of FC in primary care is proposed.

This study investigates women's attitudes about, and experiences of, aesthetic anti-ageing surgeries and technologies against the contextual backdrop of the growing commercialisation of medicine in the United States. Drawing from 44 intensive interviews with a spectrum of women between the ages of 47 and 76 who use, refuse, and are currently undecided about whether or not they will have or use aesthetic anti-ageing surgeries and technologies in the future, this study asks the following question: in what ways does the increasing availability, accessibility, advertising, and use of aesthetic anti-ageing surgeries and technologies interact with and inform women's perceptions and attitudes about growing older? Data analysis occurs in dialogue with the paradigms of successful ageing and agelessness and draws from, and contributes new readings of, contemporary cultural constructions of femininity.

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OEND educated 30% of the Veterans referred into the program via the consult service, the majority of whom were at a relatively low risk for opioid overdose.