Cereals have phytochemical compounds that can diminish the incidence of chronic diseases such as hypertension. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) participates in the modulation of blood pressure and is the principal receptor of the virus SARS-CoV-2. The inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the block receptors of angiotensin II regulate the expression of ACE2; thus, they could be useful in the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The inferior peptides from 1 to 3 kDa and the hydrophobic amino acids are the best candidates to inhibit ACE, and these compounds are present in rice, corn, wheat, oats, sorghum, and barley. In addition, the vitamins C and E, phenolic acids, and flavonoids present in cereals show a reduction in the oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The influence of ACE on hypertension and COVID-19 has turned into a primary point of control and treatment from the nutritional perspective. The objective of this work was to describe the inhibitory effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme that the bioactive compounds present in cereals possess in order to lower blood pressure and how their consumption could be associated with reducing the virulence of COVID-19.
Los alimentos de origen natural presentan compuestos bioactivos que pueden disminuir la incidencia de enfermedades crónicas, como la hipertensión. La presión arterial alta es una de las enfermedades cardiovasculares con mayor prevalencia, la cual está regulada por el Sistema Renina Angiotensina Aldosterona. La enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 participa en la modulación de la presión arterial, la homeostasis de la presión arterial y es el principal receptor del virus SARS-CoV-2. Entre los compuestos más estudiados se encuentran los péptidos bioactivos y los compuestos fenólicos. Los péptidos inferiores de 1 kDa y la presencia de aminoácidos hidrofóbicos son los mejores candidatos para inhibir la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA). Los compuestos fenólicos como los ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides son capaces de inhibir la ECA al reducir el estrés oxidativo implicado en la patogenia de la hipertensión. Este trabajo presenta una síntesis crítica sobre el efecto de los compuestos bioactivos en la ECA, la hipertensión y su relación con el COVID-19.
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