The leaves of Eugenia uniflora are used as anti-inflammatory and analgesic in the treatment of tissue injury in traditional medicine. The study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hematological and histological effects of ethanol extract of E. uniflora. The anti-inflammatory effect was accessed in test groups given different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p. o) of the extract, a control group (0.1 mL/kg, normal saline) and standard drug group (Ibuprofen 100mg/kg, p. o) on formalininduced paw edema. Body weight, paw weight, thickness and volume were evaluated. Analgesic property was accessed on separate group of animals by acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced paw licking tests. Thereafter, hematological parameters were estimated and sections of the edematous skin were processed and stained with H and E. The Eugenia uniflora decreased paw volume and thickness after 3hr. There was dose dependent significant (P<0.05) decrease in the number of abdominal writhing and insignificant reduction in the second or late phases of formalin-induced paw licking test group. Reduction in RBC, HB, PCV and increase in platelet, ESR, WBC were observed in the formalin-induced paw edema group. Histopathological assessment revealed aggregation of inflammatory cells in skin sections of the untreated group of the formalin-induced paw edema but a noticeable reversal in the extract and Ibuprofen treatment groups. These profiles indicate E. uniflora has potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects comparable to Ibuprofen a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) and justifies it use in the treatment of inflammation and local tissue injury.

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Background: Anthropometric measurements of the new-borns are important indicators of their intra-uterine growth and development; and could be reliable predictors of their health status. This study was carried out to determine the relationships between occipito-frontal head circumference and occipito-heel length to the birth weight of singleton term newborns in ESUTH, Enugu. Methods: A total of 1000 (500 males and 500 females) live singleton term babies whose mothers gave consent for participation and satisfied the inclusion criteria were consecutively recruited from the labour ward of ESUTH, Enugu from June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2017. The birth weight (BW), occipito-frontal circumference (OFC) and occipito-heel length (OHL) of the new-borns were measured and documented. The weight and OHL of the new-borns were used to calculate the babies' body mass index (BMI). Data obtained was entered into SPSS version 20 and then analysed. Results: The mean values of their OFC, OHL and BW were 34.6±2.2 cm; 49.8±3.0 cm and 3.3±1.4 kg respectively. There was a significant difference between the OFC (p=0.012) and OHL (P=0.035) but not in BW (P=0.220) and BMI (p=0.446) in males neonates compared to females. A significant correlation (Pearson's) of OFC (r=0.149; P=0.000) and OHL (r=0.145; p=0.000) with birth weight was also found. There was also a significant correlation of OFC (r=0.106; P=0.001) and OHL (r=-0.156; p=0.000) with BMI. Conclusion: The birth weight and BMI of new-born babies are good determinants of their OFC and OHL.