Kaposi sarcoma is a malignancy common in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is a proliferative soft-tissue tumor commonly manifesting as pigmented papules and nodules on the skin. Lesions can also appear on the mucosal lining of the oropharynx and other parts of the body such as the lymph nodes. Head and neck involvement in Kaposi sarcoma is not unusual; however, laryngeal involvement is not commonly seen. We report the case of a 31-year-old gentleman, a former smoker with AIDS, who developed a mass in the throat with progressive hoarseness of voice without stridor. An elective tracheostomy was done to protect his airway before performing a direct laryngoscopy with biopsy. Histopathology examination showed neoplastic spindle cells positive for CD31, erythroblast transformation specific-related gene, and human herpesvirus 8, consistent with Kaposi sarcoma. The diagnosis of laryngeal Kaposi sarcoma in immunodeficient patients requires a high index of suspicion, especially when it occurs without classical dermatological manifestation, an interesting feature in this report.

17 Background: While the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) has shown a relative reduction in mortality from lung cancer with the application of the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for the use of Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) in a select high risk population, many studies have shown that the rate of screening has been below the national average in minority population. Furthermore, lung cancer mortality still appears to be disproportionately higher amongst minority populations. With this study, we aim to evaluate the attitudes, beliefs and values towards lung cancer screening with LDCT in a predominantly Black and Hispanic population in our outpatient clinic. Methods: A survey was conducted over a 3-month period in our outpatient department at an urban inner-city safety net hospital. We included high risk smokers, aged 50 to 80 years who reported no evidence of symptoms. The survey consisted of 20 questions; these included utilizing the Health Belief Model to assess beliefs on perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers to screening, questions exploring fears of cancer screening and questions assessing overall willingness to undergo lung cancer screening with LDCT. We also included a question on the willingness of participants to engage in educational sessions with regards to lung cancer screening and risk reduction. Results were collected and analyzed via univariate logistic regression model to compare patient populations. Results: 67 patients participated in our survey. 62% were Black, 34% were Hispanic and 4% were Asian/Pacific Islanders. The mean age of our population was 64.5 years and they had an average of 27.2 pack-years of smoking. Issues related to insurance coverage and co-pay were identified as the most significant concern with regards to the unwillingness to undergo screening (p < 0.05). Other concerns identified were the fear of a positive screening result, fear of radiation exposure and lack of understanding of the association with smoking history and lung cancer (p = 0.12). All participants responded yes to being open to be educated on reducing their risk of lung cancer (p < 0.05). Conclusions: While many factors still exist with regards to lung cancer screening in minority populations, the cost of medical care, fear of radiation exposure and anxiety were identified as potential barriers to willingness to screen. Structured educational programs were identified as a possible measure that can be implemented to address these factors, with the potential to increase the willingness to undergo screening in a high risk minority population.

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