Epilepsy is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite multiple drug therapies, people with epilepsy continue to have frequent seizures. There is a dearth of data on epilepsy treatment outcome and associated factors in our setting. Therefore, the aim of this was to assess treatment outcome and associated factors among epileptic patients on follow up at the neurologic clinic of Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected epileptic patients. Data were collected through patient interview and review of medical records. Epilepsy treatment outcome was evaluated in terms of seizure control status in the last one year follow up period. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of treatment outcome. A total of 270 patients were included. Of whom, 46.6% had controlled seizures. Whereas, 38.5%, 8.8%, and 5.9% had experienced seizure attacks 1–5 times, 6–10 times, and greater than 10 times, respectively. Alcohol consumption [adjusted odds ratio [(AOR): 14.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.25–68.11], negative medication belief [AOR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.31–6.71], low medication adherence [AOR:11.52, 95%CI: 3.25–40.82], and presence of comorbidities [AOR: 10.35, 95%CI: 4.40–24.40] were predictors of uncontrolled seizure. Our finding revealed that more than half of the epileptic patients had uncontrolled seizure. Epileptic patients with a negative medication belief, comorbidities, low medication adherence, and those who consume alcohol were more likely to have uncontrolled seizure. Therefore, more emphasis should be given to these patients.

Background. Medication adherence and belief are crucial to achieving the desired goal of therapy in epileptic patients. However, there is a lack of study regarding medication adherence and belief in our setting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate medication adherence and belief and associated factors among ambulatory patients with epilepsy. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected epileptic patients at the neurologic clinic of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Medication adherence and belief were assessed using self-reported questionnaires which were developed based on the review of different literatures. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis. Result. We included a total of 292 patients. Almost two-thirds (65.4%) of the patients were nonadherent to their medications. The most common cause of nonadherence was forgetfulness (48.7%) followed by inability to get medicine (28.8) and safety concern (23.5%). The majority (78.4%) of the patients had high medication necessity belief while 44.1% had high concern belief about the potential adverse effect of their medications. Overall, 39.4% of the patients had a negative belief toward their medications. Comorbidity (AOR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.20-10.31), seizure encounter within the last 3 months (AOR: 5.45, 95% CI: 2.48-12.00), low medication necessity belief (AOR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.14-10.00), high medication concern belief (AOR: 4.23, 95% CI: 2.07-8.63), and negative medication belief (AOR: 4.17, 95% CI: 1.74-10.02) were predictors of medication nonadherence. Conclusion. Majority of the epileptic patients were nonadherent to their medications, and more than one-third of the patients had a negative medication belief. Low medication necessity belief, high medication concern belief, negative medication belief, comorbidity, and seizure encounter were predictors of medication nonadherence. Therefore, healthcare providers should design educational programs to enhance the patients’ believe about their medication in order to improve medication adherence and overall treatment outcome.