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Abstract-In this paper we present seasonal results of the effective earth radius factor distribution in South Africa using recently (2007)(2008)(2009) acquired radiosonde data from the South African Weather Service (SAWS) for seven locations in South Africa. Two data modeling methods are used to formulate the solution for the distribution of the effective earth radius factor.The seasonal effective earth radius factor statistics obtained from the radiosonde measurements are then interpolated, gridded and presented in contour maps to cover the rest of the country for the four seasons defined by ITU-R recommendation P.453-10. The Integral of Square Error is used to check the performance of the data modeling techniques while the Root Mean Square Error is used to compare the performance of the different interpolation methods used.

Finding an optimal set of discriminative features is still a crucial but challenging task in biomedical science. The complexity of the task is intensified when any of the two scenarios arise: a highly dimensioned dataset and a small sample-sized dataset. The first scenario poses a big challenge to existing machine learning approaches since the search space for identifying the most relevant feature subset is so diverse to be explored quickly while utilizing minimal computational resources. On the other hand, the second aspect poses a challenge of too few samples to learn from. Though many hybrid metaheuristic approaches (i.e., combining multiple search algorithms) have been proposed in the literature to address these challenges with very attractive performance compared to their counterpart standard standalone metaheuristics, more superior hybrid approaches can be achieved if the individual metaheuristics within the proposed hybrid algorithms are improved prior to the hybridization. Motivated by this, we propose a new hybrid Excited- (E-) Adaptive Cuckoo Search- (ACS-) Intensification Dedicated Grey Wolf Optimization (IDGWO), i.e., EACSIDGWO. EACSIDGWO is an algorithm where the step size of ACS and the nonlinear control strategy of parameter a→ of the IDGWO are innovatively made adaptive via the concept of the complete voltage and current responses of a direct current (DC) excited resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit. Since the population has a higher diversity at early stages of the proposed EACSIDGWO algorithm, both the ACS and IDGWO are jointly involved in local exploitation. On the other hand, to enhance mature convergence at latter stages of the proposed algorithm, the role of ACS is switched to global exploration while the IDGWO is still left conducting the local exploitation. To prove that the proposed algorithm is superior in providing a good learning from fewer instances and an optimal feature selection from information-rich biomedical data, all these while maintaining a high classification accuracy of the data, the EACSIDGWO is employed to solve the feature selection problem. The EACSIDGWO as a feature selector is tested on six standard biomedical datasets from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) repository. The experimental results are compared with the state-of-the-art feature selection techniques, including binary ant-colony optimization (BACO), binary genetic algorithm (BGA), binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), and extended binary cuckoo search algorithm (EBCSA). These results reveal that the EACSIDGWO has comprehensive superiority in tackling the feature selection problem, which proves the capability of the proposed algorithm in solving real-world complex problems. Furthermore, the superiority of the proposed algorithm is proved via various numerical techniques like ranking methods and statistical analysis.

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Determining an optimal decision model is an important but difficult combinatorial task in imbalanced microarray-based cancer classification. Though the multiclass support vector machine (MCSVM) has already made an important contribution in this field, its performance solely depends on three aspects: the penalty factor C, the type of kernel, and its parameters. To improve the performance of this classifier in microarray-based cancer analysis, this paper proposes PSO-PCA-LGP-MCSVM model that is based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), principal component analysis (PCA), and multiclass support vector machine (MCSVM). The MCSVM is based on a hybrid kernel, i.e., linear-Gaussian-polynomial (LGP) that combines the advantages of three standard kernels (linear, Gaussian, and polynomial) in a novel manner, where the linear kernel is linearly combined with the Gaussian kernel embedding the polynomial kernel. Further, this paper proves and makes sure that the LGP kernel confirms the features of a valid kernel. In order to reveal the effectiveness of our model, several experiments were conducted and the obtained results compared between our model and other three single kernel-based models, namely, PSO-PCA-L-MCSVM (utilizing a linear kernel), PSO-PCA-G-MCSVM (utilizing a Gaussian kernel), and PSO-PCA-P-MCSVM (utilizing a polynomial kernel). In comparison, two dual and two multiclass imbalanced standard microarray datasets were used. Experimental results in terms of three extended assessment metrics (F-score, G-mean, and Accuracy) reveal the superior global feature extraction, prediction, and learning abilities of this model against three single kernel-based models.