Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen which occurs in precipitation. In groundwater studies tritium measurements give information on the time of recharge to the system; the tritium content of precipitation being used to estimate the input of tritium to the groundwater system. At Yola, the tritium contents in precipitation and groundwater samples from boreholes were measured during the rainy season for 2 consecutive years. In the precipitation it was found to be 9.8 ± 0.8 TU. In the groundwater the tritium content ranges from 3.0 to 9.0 ± 0.8 TU. These values indicate that the groundwater systems around Yola contain a mixture of old recharge and recent recharge i.e. water younger than 50 years.
Flooding is a disaster which may occur naturally or as an effect of human activities. Flooding which is a global hazard has resulted in devastating effects on humans and the environment. Thousands of lives are lost and properties worth several millions of dollars are destroyed annually due to flooding in Nigeria. Various Flood Risk Management (FRM) approaches have been employed to manage this menace in Nigeria resulting in little success. This paper highlights the types, causes and impact of flooding in Nigeria as well as evaluate the efforts at local and national levels in FRM. After due considerations of performance and lapses of past efforts, the article advances the resilient infrastructure approach as a formidable and sustainable FRM option for Nigeria.
Rare earth and trace elemental compositions of sediment samples collected from the bed of the River Gora in the Minna area of north-central Nigeria were determined with X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Statistical analyses of the results indicate that spatial variations of La,
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