<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Vascular access (VA) is the highest risk factor for blood infections, hospitalization, and mortality of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The risk of mortality while using a catheter is greater than that while using grafts. The objective of this article is to know the survival rate in relation to the type of VA. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective cohort of HD patients was studied. The data gathered included age, gender, first VA at the surrogate site, days between the first and second access, number of accesses, and anatomical site of VA placement. Mean differences were estimated using χ² or Student’s <i>t</i> test. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier curves and included in tables. Statistical significance was established as <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05. The statistical computer software package SPSSw v25 was used for the analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 896 patients were included with a mean age of 47.88 years (SD ± 16.52), the duration of the first VA was 398.81 days (±565.79), the mean number of VAs used was 2.26 (±1.15), and the median time undergoing HD was 728.73 days. The duration of catheter placement was 330.42 days, and 728.60 days for fistula use (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The mean number of days of renal replacement was 611.59 days for catheter and 1,495.25 days for internal arteriovenous fistula (IAVF) patients (<i>p</i> = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The survival of the initial VA is greater for the IAVF, followed by the tunneled catheters and the lowest by the non-tunneled catheters, which continue to be frequently used in our setting.