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Microextraction and capillary-column gas chromatography techniques are applied to plant discharge streams for repetitive wastewater discharge permit analyses. This combination allows the analyst to reduce sample preparation since microextraction replaces both purge-and-trap for volatiles and microextraction for semi-volatiles. An additional advantage is the elimination of a concentration step, which is often a major contributor to low method recoveries. The overall procedure is shown to be more precise than purge-and-trap but slightly less precise than conventional extraction. The results of each method are shown to be equivalent.

hypophosphite without the simultaneous formation of hydrogen. In addition, palladium seems to react faster than other noble metals (such as gold or platinum) and in solution is more stable than silver. The price of a palladium solution

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