Background: Pneumonia is a common disease with significant morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that vitamin D deficiency can be associated with an increased incidence of lower respiratory illness requiring hospitalization. The objective of this study investigated the impact of vitamin D status on the susceptibility of pneumonia in children the design is Case - Control study, Duration of this study is One year (October 2016 -November 2017) and Setting is Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, India. In this study participants are 50 children aged 5 months to 5 years with pneumonia and 50 healthy children of the same age were studied.Methods: In this case-control study, children aged 5 months to 5 years with pneumonia were compared with healthy children of the same age as the control group. Serum levels of vitamin D in both groups were measured by chemiluminescence method. Mean serum levels of vitamin D in patients with pneumonia and control groups were compared using t test.Results: The mean serum levels of vitamin D in the group with pneumonia and the control group were 25.98±14.8 ng/mL and 31.18±15.81 ng/mL, respectively. The difference between the two groups was significant. However, this difference was more significant in the age group of 24 to 60 months.Conclusions: According to findings, a low level of Vitamin D is associated with a higher incidence of pneumonia and more severe disease. It is recommended to pay more attention to vitamin D deficiency in infectious diseases, particularly in pneumonia patients.

Background: Glucose metabolism disorders are common in low birth weight (LBW) infants and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Neonatal hypoglycemia, a common metabolic problem, often goes unnoticed owing to lack of specific symptoms. Hypoglycemia both symptomatic and asymptomatic can lead to long term neurological sequelae. Therefore, it needs early management to prevent brain damage in a developing neonate.Subjects and Methods:This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypoglycemia in low birth weight infants. Design: A hospital-based prospective longitudinal study. Duration: One year (October 2017 – October 2018). Setting: Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad. Participants: 50 LBW neonates with birth weight less than 2500 grams. Methods: Blood glucose values were measured at the age of 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after delivery which was independent of feeding time. Blood glucose value less than 40 mg/dl (2.2 mmol/l) was defined as hypoglycemia. For statistical analysis, SPSS software version 20 was used.Result:Out of 50 neonates, 15(30%) had one or more episode of hypoglycemia. Overall 22 episodes were recorded. Out of 15 hypoglycemic neonates 8(53.3%) were small for gestational age (SGA) and 7(46.7%) were AGA. Sepsis was significantly noticed after hypoglycemia. The pattern of blood glucose levels was significantly different among hypoglycemic babies and normoglycemic babies over first 72 hours.Conclusion:Hypoglycemia was frequent among low birth weight babies more so in SGA babies in first 24 hours.

Background: Glucose metabolism disorders are common in low birth weight (LBW) infants and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Neonatal hypoglycemia, a common metabolic problem, often goes unnoticed owing to a lack of specific symptoms. Hypoglycemia both symptomatic and asymptomatic can lead to long term neurological sequelae. Therefore, it needs early management to prevent brain damage in a developing neonate. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypoglycemia in low birth weight infants. Design: A hospital-based prospective longitudinal study. Duration: One year (October 2017-October 2018). Setting: Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad. Participants: 50 LBW neonates with birth weight less than 2500 grams. Methods: Blood glucose values were measured at the age of 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after delivery which was independent of feeding time. Blood glucose value of less than 40 mg/dl (2.2 mmol/l) was defined as hypoglycemia. For statistical analysis, SPSS software version 20 was used. Results: Out of 50 neonates, 15 (30%) had one or more episodes of hypoglycemia. Overall 22 episodes were recorded. Out of 15 hypoglycemic neonates, 8 (53.3%) were small for gestational age (SGA) and 7 (46.7%) were AGA. Sepsis was significantly noticed after hypoglycemia. The pattern of blood glucose levels was significantly different among hypoglycemic babies and normoglycemic babies over the first 72 hours. Conclusion: Hypoglycemia was frequent among low birth weight babies more so in SGA babies in the first 24 hours.

Background: Febrile seizures are defined as an event in neurologically healthy infants and children between 6 months and 5 years of age, associated with fever >38ºC rectal temperature but without evidence of intracranial infection as a defined cause and with no history of prior afebrile seizures. Objective: This study is aimed at evaluating the association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures. Design: A prospective hospital-based study, carried out in the