Background: Around a million FDMNs have settled in Cox’s Bazar, the southeast coastal district ofBangladesh. The geographically proximate country of Rakhine state of Myanmar following armed conflictin this area in August 2017 and created a unique humanitarian crisis. It is important to know the currenthealth status of FDMNs because, without this information, equal and equitable health service provision isnot possible. So, we conducted this study to explore the common health problems of FDMNs residing incamps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Method: This descriptive observational study was conducted from January 2018 to July 2019 at Cox’sBazar Medical College Hospital, Cox’s Bazar which first prioritized referred tertiary hospitals for FDMNs. Result: Among study FDMNs, Age ranges from 3 months to 97 years with a median age of 40 (25-60) years andmale to female representatives were almost equal (51.6% male and 48.4% female). Majority of the male werefarmers (engaged in agriculture, livestock and fish farming) and the females were house makers. One third ofthe primary respondents have formal education (i.e. religious education) in Myanmar. More than 30% of theparticipants reported having H/O recent death of family members in Myanmar with a median number of twomembers due to recent violence. 37% FDMNs were malnourished out of them 14.7% were severe. BCG scarmarks were found in 70% and only 40.7% were vaccinated with other vaccines in under five children.75.4%FDMNs were dependent on unqualified village doctors” for treatment. The most common NCD among theFDMNs people were COPD, DM, and HTN with risk factor tobacco use and frequent betel nut chewing.Chronic liver disease with underlying hepatitis C or Hepatitis B infection, HIV and TB were more common.Nearly one third FDMNs were clinically anemic. 42.9% of the participants reported do not won and use LLNin Myanmar. 73.2% FDMNs have knowledge about ORS use in diarrhea. Predominant diseases among admittedprimary respondents were CLD (15.7%) followed by COPD (13%), pregnancy complication and Injury (7.2%).Major causes of death in admitted FDMNs were COPD with its complication (25%) Cardiac disease (20%),CLD with Hepatic encephalopathy (15%), CNS infection and Septic shock (10%). Conclusion: This study identifies common health problems of the FDMN also called Rohingya refugeesin Bangladesh. FDMNs in Bangladesh are under significant health risks and necessary to scale up targetedhealth care policy and improvement of local GOB and non-Government health care facilities for them. J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 13-19

Background: In 2017 hundreds of thousands of 'Rohingya' fled to camps for Forcefully Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Objective: To describe the FDMNs presenting for care at public health facilities in Bangladesh so as to understand the health problems faced by the FDMNs and the burden on these public health facilities. Methods: This study combined a retrospective review of existing hospital and clinic data with prospective surveillance in government health care centres. Findings: The retrospective data showed a 26% increase in the number of consultations at the Kutupalong community clinic, the primary health facility closest to the camps, from 19,567 in 2015 to 26,309 in 2019. There was a corresponding 11% increase in admissions to health facilities in the area, from 80,991 in 2017 to 91,424 in 2019. Prospective surveillance of 9,421 FDMNs seeking health care from July 2018 to December 2019 showed that 29% had an infectious disease, 20% nutritional problems, 12% pregnancy-related conditions and 7% trauma or injury. Conclusions: Great uncertainty remains regarding the return of FDMN to their home country of Myanmar. The current on-going protests following the military coup adds further insecurity to the status of the Rohingya. The presence of a large migrant population relative to a smaller host community burdens the limited facilities and resources of the public health sector. Continued support by the international public health community and civil society organizations is needed.

Background: Osteoporosis, an important cause of fracture in Bangladesh is a highly unrecognized and unaddressed issue among health professionals. Osteoporosis means low bone mineral density (BMD) and screening is not done routinely to diagnose it. Moreover, the prevalence of low BMD among Health professionals in the country is not well known. To prevent osteoporosis-induced fracture it demands more attention to early detection, prevention, and treatment. Objectives: The present study was carried out to assess the bone mineral status of health professionals of Cox’s Bazar medical college and also to find out the correlation with age, sex, Vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and physical activity by using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus. Materials and Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that has been done at Cox’s Bazar Medical College. Result: The total number of participants was 267 which were screened by using a calcaneal ultrasound heel bone densitometer. Among them 190 were female and 77 were male. The majority of the health professionals 237(88.76%) were below 45 years. Mostly, 194(72.66%) participants had normal BMD, 73(27.34%) participants were in osteopenia and none of them were osteoporotic. Among those above 45 years old study people, nearly half 14(46.67%) were osteopenic, and for ages below 45 years of health professionals, only 59(24.89%) were osteopenic. Out of 77 male participants, 15(19.48%) were osteopenic and out of 190 female participants, 58(30.53%) were osteopenic. Out of the total 267 study people, 81(30.34%) agreed to take calcium and vitamin-D supplementation with significant p-value = 0.003 whereas 32(39.51%) participants were in the osteopenic stage and 49(60.49%) had healthy bony status. The number of using Calcium and vitamin-D supplementation was high, which may be due to positive answers from particular participants like the elderly and health care supporting staff. In our study 120(44.94%) participants did exercise but mostly irregularly, and 147(55.06%) did not do exercise. Out of 120(44.94%) participants doing regular exercise 37(30.83%) were osteopenic and the rest of 83 (69.17%) health professionals were in normal BMD. Conclusion: Among the health care professionals, osteopenia is not uncommon and regular exercise practice and rational Calcium and vitamin-D supplementation may be preventive for osteoporosis. J MEDICINE 2023; 24(2): 131-134