The study aims to explore the factors influencing the accessibility of small and medium-sized enterprises to institutional finance and moderating role of government supports in the relationship between collateral security, interest rates, financial information, business ownership, and accessibility to finance facilities in Pakistan. The moderation multiple regression analysis was applied for analysis using SMART PLS3.0 software. A fully structured questionnaire is used for gathering data or information from the respondents. The results showed that all the variables are directly and significantly influencing access to finance except interest rates, but interest rates indirectly affect the dependent. The government support does moderate in the interaction between collateral security, interest rate, and financial accessibility. On the other hand, the variable doesn't quite moderate the interaction between financial information, business ownership, and financial accessibility in Pakistan. This research aimed at making access to finance services essentially helpful to the SME industry by knowing what impacts their financial accessibility and helping lending institutions in understanding what effectively prevents the SME industry from accessing finance-related services in Pakistan.

This study aims to analyze the responses and views of Pakistani consumers to different sales-promotion techniques used by companies. The methodological contribution of the current study used the second-generation technique (Smart PLS) as compared to OLS. In addition, the instrument used in this study is a fully structured questionnaire adapted, a total of 200 questionnaires is filled from the respondents. The findings of the current study show that different sales promotions tools have different effects on consumer buying behaviour. We observed significant evidence of an association between buy one get one free, coupon discount, price discount, and Pakistani consumer buying behaviour. We further revealed an insufficient association between free samples and buying behaviour. This study will be helpful for the marketing managers in understanding what attracts consumers most? It can be an efficient source of relevant information for marketing managers about the responses of consumers towards sales promotions.

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