The advancements in the field of wind turbine, solar photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell coupled with improved power electronics have increased reliability of renewable energy sources. The environmental benefits of these sources have forced the power industry to switch over for more distributed generations to meet the increasing load demand. Islanding in distribution system occurs when a portion of distribution system gets isolated from the rest of the grid and continues to supply the local load. Practically, all distributed generations (DG) are required to be disconnected immediately after the formation of island. It is done primarily to take care of safety of the operating personnel and to prevent power quality issues. Effective detection of islanding is an important area of concern. Prior to the integration of DG to the main electrical grid, each DG must be equipped with a suitable anti-islanding detection technique. In this paper, phasor measurement unit (PMU)based islanding detection technique is presented. The requirement of channel limits of PMUs is also incorporated, and significant results of industry and utility have been obtained. The study has been carried out using MATLAB/Simulink (version 2018a) creating several islanding and non-islanding cases in a PV integrated distribution grid.

Determination of accurate operating states of the power system is one of the most challenging tasks due to integration of large number of solar PVs into the power system. Since these sources of energy are inertialess generations, hence may cause instability issues if highly penetrated. Hence, precise monitoring and control of such systems with higher PV penetration is a critical issue to address both in terms of the total number of PV sources in the system and the percentage of penetration. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), with their time synchronizing abilities, have made this task a bit easier. However, traditional centralized data handling architecture at control centers are becoming redundant due to various limitations such as data handling, computational constraints etc. To overcome this, a distributed PMU-PDC architecture approach is utilized in this paper. Since local PDC (Phasor Data Concentrator) in an n-area power system can run separate optimization algorithms, by combining the results of these optimization algorithms of n-area PDCs, we can get a much more accurate global consensus about the current operating state of the system. The presented work is divided into two parts. First, the analysis of power system stability is performed in terms of the total number of Photovoltaic Source (PV) in the system and the percentage of PV penetration. Then, the accuracy of the method is tested both in terms of the number of PMUs in each area along with their channel capacities. Low-frequency oscillations have been simulated on IEEE-68 standard bus system using MATLAB, and the modes of oscillation are estimated using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. INDEX TERMSWide-Area Measurement System (WAMS), Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC), Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM)

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With increase in deregulations and renewable sources of generation, the power system network is leading towards more geographical spread and interconnectedness. This causes significant challenges requiring on-line monitoring and control. It also provides a path for disturbances to propagate causing cascading failure, even blackouts. Wide area detection of potential island formation and controlled separation is considered as an effective tool against a blackout under severe disturbances. In the present work one line remaining algorithm has been utilized for implementation of controlled islanding in a section of Indian power grid.