The high rates of response, survival, and bladder preservation observed indicate that this combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimen would be useful in the management of invasive bladder carcinoma. This was a small Phase II trial; the results are preliminary, and the utility of this treatment modality in patient management remains to be proven.

The expressions of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were studied immunohistochemically from paraffin sections of 7 cases (9 lesions) of radiation-induced colon cancer and 42 cases of spontaneous colon cancer. Age distribution of radiation-induced and spontaneous colon cancer were 68.1 years (range, 56 to 77 years) and 67.4 years (range, 31 to 85 years), respectively. Among the radiation-induced colon cancers, there were 3 lesions of mucinous carcinoma (33%), a much higher than found for spontaneous mucinous cancer. Immunohistochemically, p53 protein expression was detected in 7/9 (78%) of radiation-induced cancers and in 23/42 (55%) of spontaneous colon cancers. chi 2 analysis found no significant differences between radiation-induced and spontaneous colon cancers in age distribution or p53-positive staining for frequency, histopathology, or Dukes' classification. In radiation colitis around the cancers including aberrant crypts, spotted p53 staining and abnormal and scattered PCNA-positive staining were observed. In histologically normal cells, p53 staining was almost absent and PCNA-positive staining was regularly observed in the lower half of the crypt. In radiation colitis including aberrant glands, cellular proliferation increased and spotted p53 expression was observed. This study suggests that radiation colitis and aberrant glands might possess malignant potential and deeply associate with carcinogenesis of radiation-induced colon cancer.

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Background: Honey is known for its various physical properties, chemical contents and as a topical therapeutic agent. However its potential use in diagnostic radiology has not been reported.Aims: To establish radio opacity of honey as its unique physical property, to establish its relationship with other physical properties, chemical contents and to determine if honey has any potential as diagnostic contrast media.Material and Methods: CT scanner was used to calculate radio density in Hounsfield Unit (HU) on six honey samples, honey samples of different dilutions, Iopamidol, 25% glucose and agents containing Calcium, Iron, Magnesium and Potassium. Plain X-ray was obtained on honey samples, honey filled plastic tubes, and honey impregnated cotton gauze. Radio density of honey samples was compared with four selected physical properties of honey.Results: Radio density of six honey samples ranged between 287±3.4 HU and 329±5.3 HU. Radio density of 2% Iopamidol, a commonly used radio contrast agent was 341±8.2 HU. Compared to honey, 25% glucose had low radio density and 15% Potassium chloride had high radio density. Radio density of six honey samples were compared with corresponding density (p=0.0003), specific gravity (p=0.0002), refractive index (p=0.0001) and dynamic viscosity (p=0.10). Plain X-ray images of honey samples showed marked radio opacity.Conclusion: Radio opacity of honey is probably related to its high carbohydrate and potassium content. Honey’s anti-bacterial & healing benefit will offer dual therapeutic and diagnostic advantage with concomitant use as a topical radio contrast agent.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2018; 6(2): 95-99