Aim: To evolve a new cephalometric estimation called the MKG angle using three skeletal landmarks—point key ridge (KR), point M, and point G to evaluate the sagittal relationship between the maxilla and mandible. Materials and methods: A total of 60 pretreatment lateral cephalograms were selected and segregated into classes I, II, and III groups on the basis of ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and W angle. The MKG angle was constructed between the lines drawn from point M to point KR and point KR to point G. The MKG angle was measured to calculate the mean and the standard deviation. Results: After using the one-way analysis of variance and the Newman–Keuls test and running ROC curves, the results showed that an MKG angle in the range 51º–59º can be considered to have a class I skeletal pattern. The MKG angle more than 59º indicates a class II skeletal pattern and less than 51º indicates class III skeletal pattern. Conclusion: The MKG angle can be used as a dependable marker to assess sagittal jaw discrepancy.

Newly developed antibacterial agent could be used with conventional bonding systems effectively to decrease white spots; when used with Transbond XT™ light cure, the original SBS did not get affected, but when used with Unite™ self-cure bonding system, it led to reduced SBS significantly.

The resultant displacement in position of center of resistance is negligible; hence, there is no need of changing biomechanics during orthodontic treatment for a tooth with three wall infrabony defects. However, it is necessary to further study other infrabony defects like two wall or one wall defect, and their effect on position of CRes.

The aim of present study was to evaluate the infl uence of convexity of upper central incisor on expression of torque. The variation in crown root angle of maxillary central incisor and the co-relation between crown root angle and convexity of crown of maxillary central incisor was also assessed. Thirty extracted maxillary central incisors and a central incisor bracket (American Orthodontics-Roth prescription 0.018 inch slot) were used for the study. The study was carried out in three parts. In fi rst part, proximal radiographs of each sample were traced and crown to root angle was measured. In second part, labial surface each sample was scanned using cyclone scanning system (Renishaw) to obtain profi le image of each sample which were analyzed using AutoCAD 2002 software. Convexity of labial surfaces at various heights, i.e. X + 1, X + 2, X + 3, X -1, X -2, X -3 was measured. Third part consisted of preparation of 3D photographic model of one randomly selected sample using Stereo Scan 3D (Breuckmann) machine and 3D composite image of central incisor bracket using Esson optical profi le projector. Torque values at X + 1, X + 2, X + 3, X -1, X -2, X -3 were 2.27°, 5.08°, 8.96°, -5.01°, -8.35° and -12.33° respectively and mean value of crown to root angle of all 30 studied samples was 180.27°. It was concluded that when bracket is displaced 1, 2 or 3 mm incisally, there is increase in lingual root torque by an average value of 2.27°, 5.08° or 8.96° respectively while when bracket is displaced 1, 2 or 3 mm gingivally, there is decrease in lingual root torque or increase in labial root torque by an average value of 5.01°, 8.35° or 12.33° respectively. These fi ndings were confi rmed on analysis of 3D photographic model of one randomly selected sample.

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