Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) is part of the Tropical Rainforest Heritage program of Sumatra that was designated by UNESCO. GLNP is very vulnerable to vegetation land cover decrease due to illegal logging, encroachment, oil palm expansion, and inappropriate management of ecotourism. GLNP authority has the responsibility to handle forest threats by estimating vegetation cover and manage the ecotourism sector. This study aims to estimate vegetation cover and investigate strategy in developing ecotourism business model for sustainable forest management in GLNP. The methods used Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis in estimating vegetation cover, and Social Enterprise - Business Model Canvas (SE-BMC) in developing a strategic business ecotourism model. NDVI was classified into 5 classes from class 1 to 5 (non-vegetation or very low dense vegetation to very high dense vegetation) based on unsupervised classification (natural breaks in ArcGIS). The results showed the largest vegetation area in GLNP belongs to class 4 (445876 ha or 32.68%) and class 5 (355018 ha or 26.02%). This indicates that the majority of GLNP by area is still densely vegetated. Based on SE-BMC analysis, GLNP management needs to collaborate with the local community and other stakeholders. We recommend improving ecotourism management and enhancing community development.

Milk is an essential commodity because the Government of Indonesia aimed to increase domestic milk production up to 50% by 2020. At the present, domestic milk production in Indonesia is only able to fulfill 20% of national milk demand. East Java and West Java Provinces are the main producers of milk in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to compare dairy farming management and business model between East Java and West Java, Indonesia. This study employed descriptive statistical and quantitative analyses. The dairy farming management questionnaire survey was conducted in May-July 2016 and the dairy business model survey was conducted in October-November 2018. There were no significant differences in dairy farming activities between farmers in Lembang and Malang whereas the average number of lactating cows is 5 and 3 heads, respectively. Farmers received farm gate price of Rp4,622 per liter in Lembang and Rp4,535 per liter in Malang. Based on net return over cash variable cost, farmers in Malang and Lembang earned around 20 percent from the milk price. There were six inclusive business models (IBMs) identified between smallholder farmers, cooperatives, and private companies with different characteristics have been implemented in East Java and West Java. It is suggested that cooperative improves its role in the integrated agribusiness system in order to improve the bargaining position of dairy farmers as well as in terms of cost-efficiency. The strategies and policies should be implemented to support development of sustainable, profitable and smallholder-inclusive dairy supply chains in East Java and West Java.

Global partnerships based on sustainability standards compiled by international NGOs are needed to achieve social, economic and environmentally sustainable development, as well as to deal with global uncertainty in trade and business of agricultural commodities, including coffee in Indonesia. This paper aims to compare the implementation of global partnership standards in coffee between Indonesia and other producer countries. The Study focused on sustainable standard-compliant in coffee such as 4C and Organic certification standards. Trade and sustainability map tools were described. The findings demonstrate that there were only 8 percent and 9 percent of the Indonesian coffee area certified by 4C and Organic, respectively. Indonesia placed at number fourth of 4C implementation in the worldwide after Brazil, Colombia, and Viet Nam. Indonesia is also placed at number fourth of Organic implementation in the worldwide after Mexico, Ethiopia, and Peru. To compete in the potential market, Indonesia's commitment to implement sustainable standard-compliant in coffee is needed. Therefore, Indonesia has to increase the coverage of sustainability standards certified area to meet the global market demand. The government also should implement the right policies and programs to enhance the sustainability compliance of national coffee stakeholders. Abstrak: Kemitraan global berdasarkan standar keberlanjutan yang disusun oleh LSM internasional diperlukan untuk mencapai pembangunan sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan, serta untuk mengatasi ketidakpastian global dalam perdagangan dan bisnis komoditas pertanian, termasuk kopi di Indonesia. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan penerapan standar kemitraan global dalam kopi antara Indonesia dan negara-negara produsen lainnya. Fokus penelitian pada standar kepatuhan yang berkelanjutan dalam kopi seperti standar sertifikasi 4C dan Organik. Implementasi digambarkan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dalam rantai nilai global berdasarkan pada perangkat peta perdagangan dan keberlanjutan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa hanya ada 8 persen dan 9 persen dari area kopi Indonesia yang disertifikasi oleh 4C dan Organik, masing-masing. Indonesia menempati urutan keempat implementasi 4C di seluruh dunia setelah Brasil, Kolombia, dan Vietnam. Indonesia juga berada di urutan keempat implementasi Organik di dunia setelah Meksiko, Ethiopia, dan Peru. Untuk bersaing di pasar potensial, komitmen Indonesia untuk menerapkan standar kepatuhan dalam kopi diperlukan. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia harus meningkatkan cakupan area bersertifikasi standar keberlanjutan untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar global. Pemerintah juga harus menerapkan kebijakan dan program yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan keberlanjutan pemangku kepentingan kopi nasional. Kata kunci: kopi, kemitraan perdagangan global, standar keberlanjutan, rantai nilai global

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The problem of food waste in Indonesia is an important issue to overcome. Indonesia is the second-largest producer of food waste in the World. This makes national food waste issues get more attention. This paper aims to identify problems in food waste prevention, to formulate prototype of food waste application, to design digital platform-based business models innovation that complies with consumer preferences, and to map the impact generated by the presence of Re-Food. The method used are the customer discovery method with a qualitative descriptive approach and business model innovation methods. The results of this paper are verified social enterprise business model innovation offering an application that can help in utilizing excess food and help in the social problems of hunger and poverty. The potential impact generated by the Re-Food business model is the opportunity to contribute to social problems by utilizing environmental issues and increasing education on environmental issues, especially in food waste issues.