Intestinal stoma creation is one of the most common surgical procedures. The most common long-term complication following stoma creation is parastomal hernia, which according to some authors is practically unavoidable. Statistical differences of its occurrence are mainly due to patient observation time and evaluation criteria. Consequently, primary prevention methods such as placement of prosthetic mesh and newly developed minimally invasive methods of stoma creation are used. It seems that in the light of evidence-based medicine, the best way to treat parastomal hernia is the one that the surgeon undertaking therapy is the most experienced in and is suited to the individuality of each patient, his condition and comorbidities. As a general rule, reinforcing the abdominal wall with a prosthetic mesh is the treatment of choice, with a low rate of complications and relapses over a long period of time. The current trend is to use lightweight, large pore meshes.

Peritoneal dialysis is one of the three basic methods of renal replacement therapy. It allows the patient to perform dialysis at home while maintaining the basic principles of asepsis. It involves the permanent introduction of a dialysis catheter into the peritoneal cavity. Surgical procedure is not complicated, however, as any intervention may carry the risk of complications. Depending on the time of diagnosis, complications are divided into early, up to 30 days after surgery and late-over 30 days after surgery. This paper aims to present the most common surgical complications associated with Tenckoff catheter implantation.

Obesity is caused by positive energy balance. Excessive body weight in children is classified by using charts for body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of overweight and obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide. Excess body fat may lead to serious health problems in later life, so it is important to know the main reasons causing weight gain. Those could be classified as genetic and non-genetic factors. The second ones include medical problems (e.g. endocrine and neurological diseases), family and social impact, environmental influence, bad eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, cultural factors. There are two most important phases in life such as infancy and puberty, which may determine development of overweight or obesity. It is crucial to pay special attention on those periods to prevent weight gain development.

Urolithiasis is not a rare disorder in children. Its etiology, incidence and localization vary by geographic region. It is an increasing problem, especially in developing countries. Metabolic abnormalities have been claimed to play a significant role in the kidney stone disease. Most of the studies confirmed that hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia are the most commonly identified metabolic disorder in children with urolithiasis. It is important to evaluate them to modify and prevent the stone recurrence.

Correct implantation of a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter, among many factors, is the main aspect of the success of this method of renal replacement therapy and the avoidance of complications associated with dialysis access and its mechanical function. There are many types of peritoneal catheters: a simple Tenckhoff catheter, a catheter with a coiled spiralshaped intraperitoneal part of the coli type, a catheter with a curved extraperitoneal part of the swan-neck type, a self-positioning catheter, a pre-bridge catheter. The article describes implantation techniques for peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters in renal replacement therapy. Complications associated with Tenckoff's catheter still cause significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating the transition to hemodialysis (HD) treatment.