No abstract

The purposeof this study are to find (1) the historical andsocial contexts contained in the critical humorous discourse of the response to covid-19, (2) thediversity of power that is opposed by the critical discourse of humor against the response to covid-19, and (3) ideology that is upheld by a critical discourse of humor against the response to covid-19.Basedon dominant discourse of overcoming covid-19 (corona virus disease-19) in Indonesia, which does not close to the emergence of all forms of discourse against it. The form of serious discourse against it is considered very dangerous for the makers and disseminators of it, because the right to freedom of opinion has not been properlygranted. Therefore, the form of humorous discourse is an alternative discourse against thedominant discourse developed by people to tackle Covid-19. As a form of critical discourse,humorous discourse is a social practice that always holds historical and social contexts, resistanceto power, and enforcement of certain ideologies. This research relies on the critical discourse analysis approach (critical discourse analysisapproach) as one of the models in qualitative research, by elaborating 4 approaches, namely thesocial cognition approach, the social change approach, the historical approach, and the French orideological approach. Data in the form of critical humorous discourse on the response to covid-19was collected through accessible social media (WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook). Data wereanalyzed using interpretive methods furhter. This research is expected to find concepts and propositions about (1) the historical andsocial context contained in the critical humorous discourse of the response to covid-19; (2) thediversity of power that is opposed by the critical discourse of humor against the response to covid-19; and (3) ideology that is upheld by a critical discourse of humor against the response to covid-19. These concepts and propositions can be used as the basis for improving government policy.

This study aims to identify what types of translation shift that is used in the Indonesian translation novel and how it can assess the readability of the target language text. Recognizing the translation strategies also can affect the use of shifting in the target language. Most of the researchers evaluated readability with a number by calculating a formula. Meanwhile, in this study, assessing readability used qualitative research by describing the contextual knowledge of the reader who is also the researcher. The contextual (background) knowledge of the reader can be an assessment of readability by showing a correlation between the text and context of the target language text. As a result of this study, the researcher found 89 shifting in the form of a particular sentence. The shifting is divided into four types, level shift, structure shift, unit shift, and class shift. In these different shiftings, the translator still does not change the message of the source language text and uses some strategies that are used to imply shifting. There are two types of strategy that is used in the novel, syntactic and semantic strategy. Through translation shifts, readability can be evaluated based on the contextual knowledge of the reader. The context of the reader can be a history of a particular country or a habitual activity that has become a value of life. Therefore, translation is not only assessed by calculating a formula, but it can be evaluated through the prior knowledge of the reader.

The form of hoax discourse can be seen in movies entitled Tilik and Gossip. Tilik movie tells how the main character spread hoax information. In Gossip movie, the story centers on three main characters who plan to spread hoax information and track how far the public receives the hoax information. This study focused on the expressions used by the main characters in both movies in disseminating hoax information. This study aimed to identify the presuppositions used by the main characters and their use in hoax discourse. The results found that all types of presupposition were used in both movies. The used presuppositions were related to the spread of hoax information as the theme of the story. In Tilik movies, the main characters frequently use non-factive and counterfactual presupposition. While in Gossip movie, those two types of non-factive and counterfactual presupposition were used infrequently. These differences were caused by how the rumors were spread by the main characters in those two movies. In Tilik movie, the rumors have existed before the main characters spread them, but in Gossip movie, the rumors were started to be created in the circumstances.

Having mixed marriage family background becomes one of the factors to someone become bilingual or multilingual especially for the children. Being bilingual or multilingual adolescence, one language can be dominant one to say which is determined by the situation and language choice of someone and other aspect including personal feeling toward language. This study focuses on Adolescence in Indonesian-American mixed marriage family and the purpose of the study is to ascertain the language attitude of a bilingual or multilingual adolescence. The description includes the function of language use in different situation and social factors of language choice in four domains; home, friendship, college, and church. The attitude toward language which is mostly used by this adolescence is a language which has low variety or informal function in a situation. This language is mostly used in home and friendship domain. Regarding to the personal feeling of the informant, the colloquial language itself as the mother tongue and his first language, he is more comfort and like to speak in that language because he got that language from his mother at home since he was in early age and he lives in an environment which the majority people use this language. This is why that language has positive attitude toward the informant.