The factorial survey is an experimental design in which the researcher constructs varying descriptions of situations or individual persons (vignettes), which will be judged by respondents with regard to a particular aspect. Some researchers present vignettes in text format as short stories, others present the central information of vignettes in a tabular format. To date, only a few sentences have been published, by Auspurg and Hinz, on the impact of the presentation format (text vs. table) on the answer behavior of students. Empirically, no differences were found between either format. Based on an Internet experiment conducted with a quota sample, we find evidence that ordinary tabular formats outperform text vignettes in terms of total vignette nonresponse but not when it comes to processing time. The former result especially applies in the case of less well-educated people. We further find that tabular format does not perform worse than text format regarding response inconsistency.

Knowledge of the genomic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) grows increasingly detailed, providing challenges in contextualizing the accumulated information. To define the underlying networks, we here perform a multi-platform molecular characterization. We identify major subgroups characterized by genomic instability (GI) or activation of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)-like programs, which subdivide into non-inflammatory and inflammatory subtypes. GI CLL exhibit disruption of genome integrity, DNA-damage response and are associated with mutagenesis mediated through activation-induced cytidine deaminase or defective mismatch repair. TP53 wild-type and mutated/deleted cases constitute a transcriptionally uniform entity in GI CLL and show similarly poor progression-free survival at relapse. EMT-like CLL exhibit high genomic stability, reduced benefit from the addition of rituximab and EMT-like differentiation is inhibited by induction of DNA damage. This work extends the perspective on CLL biology and risk categories in TP53 wild-type CLL. Furthermore, molecular targets identified within each subgroup provide opportunities for new treatment approaches.

The final analysis of the open-label, multicenter phase 2 CLL2-GIVe trial shows response and tolerability of the triple combination of obinutuzumab, ibrutinib and venetoclax ("GIVe" regimen) in 41 previously untreated high-risk patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with del(17p) and/or TP53 mutation. Induction consisted of 6 cycles of obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax; venetoclax and ibrutinib were continued up to cycle 12 as consolidation. Ibrutinib was given until cycle 15 or up to cycle 36 in patients not achieving a complete response and detectable minimal residual disease (MRD). The primary endpoint was the complete remission (CR) rate at cycle 15, which was achieved in 58.5% (95% CI: 42.1-73.7, p<0.001). The last patient reached end of study in January 2022. After a median observation time of 38.4 (range 3.7 - 44.9) months, the 36-month progression-free survival is 79.9% and the 36-month overall survival is 92.6 %. Only 6 patients continued ibrutinib maintenance. Adverse events of concern were neutropenia (48.8% ≥ grade 3) and infections (19.5% ≥ grade 3). Cardiovascular toxicity grade 3 occurred as atrial fibrillation at a rate of 2.4% in cycles 1-12, as well as hypertension (4.9%) in cycles 1-6. The incidence of adverse events of any grade and ≥ grade 3 was highest during induction and decreased over time. Progressive disease was observed in 7 patients between cycle 27 and cycle 42. In conclusion, the CLL2-GIVe regimen is a promising fixed-duration, first-line treatment for patients with high-risk CLL with a manageable safety profile. Clinical Trial registry: CLL2-GIVe (NCT02758665)