1 The notation g ̑(ʰ) indicates that the PIE voiced aspirated and voiced plain stops generally merged in Albanian; while this development is characteristic of Albanian, it is not particularly striking within IE, occurring, presumably independently, in Anatolian, Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Iranian, and Tocharian. 2 This feature is found also in neighbouring languages, especially Aromanian, Macedonian, and Romanian, suggesting causality through contact rather than internal innovation within Albanian. However, Hamp 1982 argues that the ancient toponym Drobeta (in present-day Romania) reflects a Roman misinterpretation of *druwā-tā 'the wooded (place)', with a postposed definite article, suggesting it reflects an old Albanian syntagm.

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