No abstract

No abstract

The aim of the paper is to reconstruct differences between the paleotopography and contemporary topography of the historic centre of Krakow city, Poland, during the last millennium. The paleotopography was reconstructed using published contour-line maps based on archaeological and geoengineering investigations and showing the roof of in situ fossil soil. The preliminary contour-line map represented a digital elevation model (DEM) base map. A DEM from aerial laser scanning (ALS DEM) shows the contemporary topography of Krakow city centre. The application of selected morphometric indices makes it possible to quantitatively describe changes in the spatial dimension with regard to altitude, relative heights, slope, and aspect classes. The analysis of the changes in the values of the elements of topography studied shows that, at the scale of the whole study area, a trend to flattening occurs, however this trend is locally balanced or overridden by an increase of surface unevenness.

Abstract:The subject of this paper is the problem of anthropogenic changes in the relief of raised bogs in mountain areas. This problem has not received a great deal of attention in the research literature. All peat bogs in the Polish part of the Orawa -Nowy Targ Basin and the Bieszczady Mountains were analysed. Special attention was paid to the remnants of peat domes and post-peat areas and the scarps separating them. This paper is based on an analysis of maps produced over the last 230 years as well as aerial photographs. Field data were also analysed as part of this research. Six phases in the development of scarps were identified. The rate of relief change was estimated and the role of exposure was assessed. Attention was paid to changes in the relief of post-peat areas that are occurring because retention ponds and drainage ditches have become more shallow due to beaver activity and the results of stream channel regulation. Special attention was also paid to the geomorphological aspects of the restoration of post-peat areas.

The paper concerns investigations on urban geomorphology. The subject of the paper is the historic centre of Kraków (or Cracow) where the pre-human relief became masked due to the rapid increase in cultural deposits from the mid-13th century onwards. The aim of the investigation is the reconstruction of the original topography, relief and hydrography of this area based on rich sources of materials in papers and non-published data on geology, geoengineering, archaeology, history, and also on maps and panoramic drawings of the town. A digital elevation model has been generated, which showed the topography of the study area in the period before the mid-13th century. Structural analysis, cross validation test and estimation by ordinary kriging method were carried out. The final cartographic work was prepared with the use of QGIS and Surfer software. The distribution of landforms in the study area in the mid-13th century is presented as a proposed variant of the geomorphological map prepared by the authors. The former relief was evaluated in terms of its potential for encouraging settlement.