The agricultural type is one of the criteria used to characterize a farm in the EU. The purpose of this study is to show the range of the effectiveness of the use of production resources in various types of farms. The productivity and profitability of land, labor and capital were used to assess the effectiveness of management in particular types of farms. Individual sizes are shown per one household in PLN. The scale of diversification is presented in percentage terms. The analysis carried out showed that intensive production carried out on poultry and horticultural farms made them the most productive and profitable land and capital in 2016.

Human capital is an economic category which is increasingly applied in the models of economic growth and development. Many studies have demonstrated its positive effect on economic development at the national and regional levels. The level of development of rural areas is also strongly correlated with the human factor. The objective of the study was to carry out a quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of the situation of human capital across rural areas in Poland and to indicate the main challenges associated with the shaping of this capital in the context of economic growth simulation. The method used to meet the objective was a review of source literature and an analysis of statistical data from the Central Statistical Office (GUS) with the application of dynamics and structure indices. In the course of research, it was established that the main trends affecting the situation of human resource capital across rural areas in Poland are: the ageing of the rural population, as a dominant negative trend, and a systematic, though slow, increase in the level of education, as a dominant positive trend. It was determined that unfavorable demographic transformations of rural communities involve the risk of limiting economic activities of the elderly, and at the same time, also a decrease in their economic independence and an increase in the social burden resulting therefrom. On the other hand, the observed rise in the level of education and economic activity may accelerate the beneficial transformations of the area structure of agricultural farms, for it contributes to the acceleration of migration of the rural population to other, non-agricultural professions. In this context, taking actions, both nationally and regionally, aiming at increasing qualifications of rural (including agricultural) populations constitutes a vital opportunity, which increases intellectual potential and competitiveness across the country and its individual regions.

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the extent to which the level of support for farms is measured by means of the Common Agricultural Policy. A detailed analysis was made of direct payments and payments for less-favored areas (LFAs). Their size was considered in relation to farm income. The calculations were made using the method used in the European Farm Accountancy Date Network (FADN). The share of funds from the CAP in analyzed farms in relation to income in 2015 was 37.5%. The economic size and agricultural type of the farm proved to be an important element in differentiating the level of farm support from the Common Agricultural Policy. The main elements of support from the EU CAP were payments made under direct payments and payments for less-favored areas. They accounted for 70.7% and 10.5% of total support respectively in 2015.

The subject of the study is to show the basic conditions of changes that are taking place on the rail transport market in Poland in the regional system. The statistical analysis was conducted by provinces. Significant regional differences in the use of railways as a means of transport are characteristic for Poland. Individual voivodships differ in terms of the parameters of the railway network, the manner and scope of its use, the density of railway lines, and the location of stations. Statistical analysis has shown that a high degree of economic and social activity of the population is conducive to better use of railways. There is also a feedback loop here. It is the railway that has had a positive impact on the growth of the region's GDP, counteracting social exclusion and unemployment.

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