Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

. (2011) 'Links between notchback geometry, aerodynamic drag, ow asymmetry and unsteady wake structure.', SAE International journal of passenger cars. Mechanical systems., 4 (1). pp. 156-165. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0166Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. ABSTRACTThe rear end geometry of road vehicles has a significant impact on aerodynamic drag and hence on energy consumption. Notchback (sedan) geometries can produce a particularly complex flow structure which can include substantial flow asymmetry. However, the interrelation between rear end geometry, flow asymmetry and aerodynamic drag has lacked previous published systematic investigation.This work examines notchback flows using a family of 16 parametric idealized models. A range of techniques are employed including surface flow visualization, force measurement, multi-hole probe measurements in the wake, PIV over the backlight and trunk deck and CFD.It is shown that, for the range of notchback geometries investigated here, a simple offset applied to the effective backlight angle can collapse the drag coefficient onto the drag vs backlight angle curve of fastback geometries. This is because even small notch depth angles are important for a sharp-edged body but substantially increasing the notch depth had little further impact on drag.This work shows that asymmetry originates in the region on the backlight and trunk deck and occurs progressively with increasing notch depth, provided that the flow reattaches on the trunk deck and that the effective backlight angle is several degrees below its crucial value for non-reattachment. A tentative mapping of the flow structures to be expected for different geometries is presented.CFD made it possible to identify a link between flow asymmetry and unsteadiness. Unsteadiness levels and principal frequencies in the wake were found to be similar to those for high-drag fastback geometries. The shedding of unsteady transverse vortices from the backlight recirculation region has been observed.

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. (2011) 'Aerodynamic investigation on the eect of varying through-hub ow on a Formula One front wheel assembly.', SAE International journal of passenger cars. Mechanical systems., 4 (1). pp. 929-944. Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. ABSTRACTFor open wheel race cars the front wheel flow and the interaction of its wake with downstream components is of significant importance. Considerable effort goes into the design of front wing end plates, barge boards and underfloor components in order to manage the front wheel flow. In this study a 50% scale Formula One front wheel assembly has been tested in the Durham University 2m 2 open jet wind tunnel to evaluate the effect of through-hub flow on its cooling drag and flow structures. Varying the amount of through-hub flow gave rise to a negative cooling drag trend whereby increasing the flow through the hub resulted in a decrease in drag.This observation has been explained both qualitatively and quantitatively by inlet spillage drag. Lower than optimum airflows through the brake scoop result in undesirable separation at the inside edge and hence, an increase in drag (reversing the cooling drag trend). The dominant processes at different flow rates have been assessed by applying several modifications to the scoop design in order to suppress or overcome the contributions to the drag change. This methodology has also shown a greater aerodynamic efficiency across the whole through-hub flow range for the case with rounded edges.A combination of PIV, pressure probe wake maps, CFD and surface flow visualisation techniques have been used to investigate the effect of through-hub flow on the overall wake of the wheel. The well documented counter rotating vortices or ground lobes are shown to be displaced toward the outboard side due to the outflow of the cooling flow causing a lower pressure. The size of these vortices also changes significantly with through-hub flow rate. The effect of outboard wheel fairings has been investigated in the context of through-hub flow. By positioning the exit orifice facing downward or rearward, the overall drag was significantly reduced and the structure of the wake was further altered toward the outboard side.