The hysteresis loops of magnetic samples can be measured by the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE), while magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is used to depict domain walls or spatially resolved magnetization orientation in magnetic nanostructures or thin films. Both methods are commonly applied on thin films with a perfectly flat surface or on nanostructures. Here, we report MOKE and MFM measurements on a new class of magnetic materials, namely electrospun mats of randomly oriented nanofibers which influence the 30 nm Co coating layer, proving especially the MOKE method utilizable for rough surfaces. Possible interpretations of these first MOKE measurements on highly randomly structured magnetic layers are given.

Here, we present the results of carbon isotope and elemental analysis of one-year-old Pinus Sylvestris L. needles collected in 2021 from 10 sampling sites in a highly populated and industrialized area of Poland. The needles were exposed to air pollution for one year. The chemical analysis of the samples was performed using different methods: radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry, stable isotope analysis using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Variations in the carbon isotopes and elemental composition of pine needles were due to a mixture of carbon dioxide originating from different sources such as households, vehicle traffic, and industrial factories.

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