As education and concern pertaining to environmental and sustainability issues like implications of resources destruction, decrease in bio-diversity as well as climate change multiply, so has the need for housing developments that lead to less damaging effects on the environment, whilst enabling living standard to be sustained. Builders, developers and material providers have addressed this demand by creating approaches and technologies that minimize energy, water and main material consumption, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and sustain or enhance surrounding ecological systems and services. Several administration and non-governmental institutions in addition have aimed to change the sustainability of the building industry by developing green rating systems that can be used to evaluate the environmental performance of new and existing building. This paper discusses material resources criteria and the impact as a sustainable rating tool.

This paper presents the influence of machining parameters namely cutting speed and feed rate on the machinability enhancement of AISI 316L stainless steel, in terms of surface integrity using end-milling with coated tungsten carbide tool (TiAlN). Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and surface roughness measurement were used to analyze the surface integrity in terms surface topography and hardness test. A multi view approach is adopted to study the effect of different cutting parameters on the surface integrity of AISI 316L stainless steel. It was found that high cutting speed and low feed rate influence the surface roughness. Low surface roughness makes AISI 316L stainless steel more corrosion resistant which prevents wear of the implants.

there is substantial proof that the world is warming. The International Panel of Climate Change reported that there might be a continuous rise in the ambient temperature throughout the end of the 21st century. With a rising international worry about global warming, the construction sector is confronting the question of how forecasted changes in climate will affect the overall performance of buildings all over the world. This is resulting in a fast-growing field of study that concentrates on the adaptation and strength of buildings to a varying climate. Global warming can tremendously result on the overall energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of residential buildings. Hence, climate adaptation must be effectively regarded both in design and operation phases to eliminate impact. This paper examines (or reviews) the connection between climate change and buildings and the growing body of knowledge on the issue, and also classifying and reviewing the contributions of other researcher.

Abstract-Machining investigations were made on ASSAB DF-3 oil hardened tool steel HRC 45 using wiper coated ceramic tool. Both cutting speed and feed rates were purposely and continually changed to enable investigations performed at various cutting combination. Both cutting speed and feedrate were found to influence the formation of saw tooth shape on the chip from a non-saw tooth shape. The chip forms collected were observed using digital camera and optical microscope and were studied in terms of their form, thickness and micro hardness. The saw-tooth chip obtained in this study was a result of some interrelated mechanisms such as localized shear, adiabatic shear and also as a catastrophic shear in the form of extensive cracks. A relationship was established between the chip geometry and the cutting conditions. Index Terms-Chip, cutting speed, feed rate, and saw tooth.

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