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This paper highlights the impact of the ground, of the vehicle surroundings and of the car body on signal transmission and reception of a dual-band microwave antenna tested on two automotive plastic parts on a convertible vehicle for cellular and Cellular -Vehicle To Everything (C-V2X) communications. The implemented antenna operates at 975 MHz and 5.5 GHz and facilitates the future vehicular communications in vehicles without steady rooftops. Four experiments are performed with the antenna placed (a) in the Satimo near field system; (b) on a stanchion at an outdoor range facility without the presence of a car; (c) at the outdoor facility in the side mirror of the convertible vehicle; and (d) on the trunk lid of the same vehicle. Antenna co-and cross-polarization radiation patterns are measured and results indicate that the ground and the vehicle's body affect the radiation performance of the antenna. The presence of ground causes an increase in the antenna's cross-polarization level. The reflections caused by the car's body perturb the omni-directional radiation pattern of the antenna and may degrade the vehicular microwave signal transmission due to the presence of nulls.

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This paper highlights the impact of curved and flat vehicular plastic parts on the radiation characteristics of two dual-band antennas for C-V2X applications. The radiation patterns of the antennas are measured in SATIMO near field measurement system and are compared during the following setups: (a) antennas alone in the near field system, without the presence of a plastic part; (b) antennas mounted on the inside curved surface of a driver’s side mirror cover; (c) antennas mounted on the outside curved surface of the driver’s side mirror cover; (d) antennas mounted on a flat trunk lid; (e) antennas mounted on a curved plastic retrieved from the A-pillar of a vehicle. Comparison among the antennas radiation pattern measurements during these different setups, results in the conclusion that the inside surface of the side mirror cover is the most suitable position to mount the presented dual-band antennas. The curvature of the inside surface at the point where the antenna was mounted is less steep than the placement point at the outside surface, allowing the antenna to keep its polarization axis mostly unaffected. Moreover, the curve of the inside surface makes the antenna radiation more directional, creating an increase in the antenna gain. The side mirror cover, compared to trunk lid, is further from the ground protecting the antenna radiation from additional reflections.

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