Background: Maternal health service is the service provided to mothers during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. It is a useful indicator in assessing women’s health status and the accessibility, adequacy and effectiveness of a country’s health service system. The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of maternal health service utilization and factors influence it in Ambo district, West Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study design with quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection was employed place from 15 th August to15th October, 2018 at Ambo District among 561 women with children less than one year. Single population proportion formula was utilized to calculate the sample size and simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. Data were collected by trained data collectors using a pretested structured questionnaire. The data was entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done at 95 % confident interval and variables with P value < 0.05 to shows significant association. Qualitative data was transcribed carefully and analyzed thematically.Result: All 561 study subjects were participated in the survey and considered for analysis. The proportion of mothers who used ANC at least once was 89%., 64% of them delivered at health institutional and 47.2% of the mothers used early postnatal care. Mothers occupation [AOR=0.24(95% CI: 0.08-0.69)] and mother and her husband’s decision making power [AOR=4.12(95% CI: 2.12-8.00)] were significantly associated with ANC use. Mother’s education level [AOR=1.56(95% CI: 1.03-2.38)], time of traveling to health facilities, decision making power [AOR=5.91(95% CI: 3.79-9.22)] of both mother and husband, and having ANC follow up [AOR=14.54(95% CI: 6.23-33.96)] were factors significantly associated to institutional delivery whereas mothers age [AOR=2.65(95% CI: 1.29-5.46)], marital status [AOR=0.14(95% CI: 0.03-0.69)], attending ANC service [AOR=3.51(95% CI: 1.15-10.71)] and place of delivery [AOR=14.98(95% CI: 4.23-52.88)] were significantly associated factors for PNC utilization. Conclusion: The prevalence of maternal health services utilization were far behind the national target to be achieved by the end of 2020. Therefore, much work is expected from stakeholders in order to achieve the national target.

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the child's psychosocial, educational, neuropsychological functioning self-esteem and quality of life from childhood to adulthood. It is estimated to affect about 5% of children and a third leading cause of disabilities. Objective: To assess the prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its associated factors among children attending pediatric OPD in hospitals found in West Shoa zone, Central Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to February 2020 among 422 children attending pediatric OPD in selected hospitals in West Shewa Zone and disruptive behavioral rating scale was used to collect data. OPD (out patient department) is section of hospital where patients who receive treatment without staying overnight are seen. Data were entered into Epi info version 7.1.2 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were done. Bivariate logistic regression was done to examine the relationship between different independent variables with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Variable with p-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence rate of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children attending pediatric OPD was 8.4%, 95% CI (5.9, 11.1). Being male (AOR= 3.35, 95% CI (1.52, 7.38), 9.39)), having a family size greater than five (AOR=3.95, CI (1.44, 10.11)), low family income (AOR=3.47, 95% CI (1.25, 10.10), presence of one or more psychosocial stressors (AOR=4.50, 95% CI (1.77, 9.42)), family history of mental illness (AOR= 3.6, 95% CI (1.78, 8.21)) and mothers having complication during pregnancy (AOR= 3.05, CI (1.10, 8.48)) were factors found to be associated with ADHD. Conclusion: Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in this study is higher than global prevalence. This study has shown us ADHD is a public health issue that requires great emphasis and it is found to be associated with being male, younger age, large family size, low family income, psychosocial stressors, family history of mental illness and complication of pregnancy are factors associated with ADHD.