Introduction: HIV remains a global epidemic in the world, especially in African countries, despite various efforts to reduce the spread of this disease. Eastern Africa nations, specifically Tanzania, are one of the top ten HIV infected countries with approximately 80% of its population living with HIV. Heterosexual intercourse remains the most common method of HIV transmission in these countries, and efforts that improve responsible sexual intercourse would help limit the spread of the virus. Method:We used the publicly available Tanzania HIV Impact Survey, a population-based cross-sectional national household survey, collected between 2016 and 2017. A total of 35,588 youths and adults aged 15 years and above were used for analysis. The outcome measure was prior knowledge of HIV status, coded as positive, negative, or unknown. Independent variables were various sexual behaviors. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between sexual behaviors and the outcome variable in the crude model. We controlled for sociodemographic characteristics in the final model. Results:The mean age of the respondents was about 32 years and they mostly had primary level of education. We found gender differences in sexual behaviors, including engaging in anal and transactional sex. In the demographicadjusted model, compared to those with unknown HIV status, people who use condoms during sexual intercourse were 36% more likely to be known HIV status (OR = 1.36, p < 0.05) and 5.9 times more likely to be known HIV positive status (OR = 5.85, p < 0.05) than those who do not use condoms. Also, individuals in polygamous (OR = 3.31, p < 0.05) or non-polygamous (OR = 3.15, p < 0.05) relationships were 3.3 and 3.2 times more likely to be known HIV negative status than single people. Similarly, being in a polygamous (OR = 1.54, p < 0.05) or non-polygamous (OR = 2.00, p < 0.05) union increases the likelihood of knowing one's HIV status as positive when compared to those who do not know their status.Conclusions: Since socio-economic factors played a major role in determining how sexual behaviors are affected by the knowledge of HIV status, we recommend more interventions targeted at the following: Increasing HIV counseling and testing among men, people with low level of education (primary or less), low income, and people not in committed sexual unions. Furthermore, addressing the social determinants of health would help improve sexual behaviors and increase the uptake of HIV testing in this region.