Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nonadherence to anti-TB treatment may result in the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB, prolonged infectiousness, and poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Ethiopia is one of the seven countries that reported lower rates of treatment success (84%). This study assessed anti-TB drug nonadherence and associated factors among TB patients in Arba Minch governmental health institutions. Methods An institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 15 to May 30, 2017. A systematic sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. Data was collected using a semistructured questionnaire with Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) and was entered, cleaned, and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Results The study included 271 TB patients with a response rate of 96.4%; 58.3% were males and 64.9% were Gamo by ethnicity. The overall nonadherence was 67 (24.7%) (CI = 20.0–30.4). Nonadherence was high if the patients experienced side effects (AOR = 13.332; 95% CI = 2.282–77.905), were far from the health facility (AOR = 21.830; 95% CI = 0.054–77.500), and experienced prolonged waiting time to get medical services (AOR = 14.260; 95% CI = 2.135–95.241). Conclusions The proportion of TB patients that did not adhere to anti-TB drugs was high in Arba Minch governmental health institutions.

Complementary and alternative medicine covers a wide variety of therapies and practices, which vary from country to country and region to region. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of complementary and alternative medicine among the residents of Wayu town, Western Ethiopia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 302 residents. A systematic sampling was used to select households. Data were entered in SPSS (version 20; IBM Corp) and descriptive statistics was carried out. Of 302 participants, 51.65% have a good knowledge, 78.6% were aware of complementary and alternative medicine, and 74.22% used it in the past 2 years. A total of 23.83% believe that complementary and alternative medicine is more effective than modern medicine and 28.8% preferred complementary and alternative medicine to modern medicine. This study revealed that in Wayu town, there is relatively high public interest in complementary and alternative medicine practices and a significant number has a good knowledge but generally the attitude toward complementary and alternative medicine is relatively low.

Background Majority of acute diarrhoeal diseases are self-limiting and do not require routine treatment. Treatment with empirical antimicrobials is recommended only for dysenteric and invasive bacterial diarrhoea. Irrational use of antibiotics in treatment of acute diarrhoea is common in clinical practice worldwide. This study was carried out to assess the pattern of antibiotic use for acute diarrhoeal diseases in Bishoftu General Hospital, East Shewa Ethiopia. Methods and Materials Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2016. Data were collected retrospectively from patients treated for diarrhoeal diseases from January 2015 to December 2015 using structured questionnaires and entered into SPSS (IBM 20) and descriptive statistics was carried out. Results Among the 303 patients, 51.2% were males and 48.8% were females. Of them, 62% were children under five years. Two hundred sixty three (86.8%) patients received eight different types of antibiotics and cotrimoxazole (178 patients, 58.7%) was the most prescribed antibiotics, followed by ciprofloxacin (33, 10.9%) and amoxicillin (14, 4.6%). Based on the presence of blood in stools, 14.5% of cases were of invasive bacterial type. According to the recommendations of WHO, the rate of overuse of antibiotics was 72.3%. Conclusion This study revealed that there was high overuse of antibiotics for both adults and children under five with acute diarrhoea in Bishoftu General Hospital. And Cotrimoxazole was the most prescribed antibiotic.

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Background: During pregnancy, due to the physiological and hormonal change, the requirement of iron–folic acid is enhanced. Therefore, the occurrence of iron/folic acid deficiency is relatively high and it is responsible for 95% of anemia during pregnancy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess adherence to prenatal iron–folic acid supplementation (IFAS) and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care services at public health facilities of Dilla town. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed selecting 403 pregnant women attending antenatal care services in three public health institutions of Dilla town. The women were included in the study by simple random sampling. Data were collected by interview and document review. Then it was entered into EPI Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression techniques were used to identify independent predictors. A p-value <0.05 was taken as indication of statistical significance. Results: From the total of planned 403 pregnant women, 396 participated in the study, with a response rate of 98.2%. Of these, 172 (43.4%) pregnant women were adhered to IFAS. The study also revealed that history of previous anemia (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.01–3.47); p = 0.04), frequency of antenatal care center (ANC) visits (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: (1.17–5.37); p = 0.01), knowledge of IFA supplement (AOR = 2.28; 95% CI: (1.36–3.82); p = 0.002), and knowledge of anemia (AOR = 2.30; 95% CI: (1.40–3.77); p = 0.001) were independent predictors of adherence to IFAS. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that less than half of the pregnant women were adhered to IFAS. History of previous anemia, frequency of ANC visits, knowledge of IFA supplement, and knowledge of anemia were the factors associated with adherence to IFA supplement.