Background: Globally, diabetes mellitus (DM) accounts for 8.8% (424.9 million) morbidity and 4 million deaths. In 2017, more than 79% of people with diabetes live in low-and middle-income countries. To this end, locally available evidence can identify target groups for intervention.However, in resource-poor settings, population-based evidence on diabetes prevalence and on its risk factors is lacking. This study, therefore, assessed prevalence of Diabetes mellitus and associated factors among adults living in Dire Dawa town, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods:A total of 782 data points were analyzed from a random sample of the adult population aged 25-64 years who lived in Dire Dawa. World health organization STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factors surveillance (WHO NCD STEPS) instrument was used to collect data. We estimated undiagnosed DM, uncontrolled DM among existing cases and the overall prevalence of DM. Hierarchical logistic regression models were run to identify correlates of diabetes mellitus, and STATA v 14.2 was used for data management and analysis. All statistical tests were declared significant at p-value<0.05. Results:The prevalence of DM among adults aged 25-64 was 8.95% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1, 11.2) and the magnitude of undiagnosed DM was 3.3% (95% CI: 2.3, 4.8). The magnitude of uncontrolled DM among those taking DM medications during the survey was 1.4% (95% CI: 0.8, 2.5). The prevalence of DM was 2.3 times more likely among the age group of 55-64 years (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 95% CI: 1.1, 5.0). Similarly, consuming two or less serving of vegetables/week increased the risk of DM, (AOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.9). Maintaining normal body mass index level was negatively correlated with the risk of DM, (AOR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8). Conclusion:The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus was relatively high, and the magnitude of undiagnosed DM was a great concern. Therefore, creating community awareness, regular blood sugar checking, appropriate weight control and, increased consumption of vegetables would be helpful in preventing incident cases of DM.

World Health Organization (WHO) defines "youths" as age group of 15 to 24 years, and are characterized by significant physiological, psychological and social changes that place their life at high risk. Youth who initiate sexual activity earlier get exposed to risks such as sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy, at a time when their developmental status places them at a disadvantage in the assessment and management of these risks. The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with risk of sexual behavior among youths in Haramaya Secondary and Preparatory School. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 394 participants. A structured, pretested and self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Crude and adjusted odds ratio with its confidence interval was used as measure of association and statistical significance was declared at P<0.05. Among 363 school youths who completed the questionnaire, 134 (36.9%) were sexually active and more than quarter (25.3%) of the youth had engaged in risky sexual behavior. Living arrangement, substance use, watching pornographic movie, age at sex doubt, peer influence and perceived family control were predictors of risky sexual behavior. This study revealed that risky sexual practice of the study area was relatively high among the respondents. The school, local health bureau and stakeholders should work together to address the identified risky behaviors with particular focus on behaviour change communication.

Background Sub-Saharan African countries, especially the Eastern region, present the dismal picture of neonatal mortality (NM) in the globe. The majority of these deaths could be avoided if effective health measures are provided throughout pregnancy and childbirth. Although antenatal care (ANC) is assumed as one of the viable interventions that contribute to neonatal survival, the effect of ANC on NM was not systematically analyzed in Eastern Africa. Thus, the study aimed to determine the pooled effect of ANC on NM in Eastern Africa. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and HINARI databases were searched using appropriate keywords from January 1, 1990 to February 12, 2021. Independent authors selected eligible articles and extracted data. The risk of a bias assessment tool for nonrandomized studies was used to assess the quality of the study. Comprehensive meta-analysis version 2 was used for meta-analysis. The random-effect model was employed, and the outcome is expressed as a risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In total, 1149 studies were identified through database search, and only 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Having at least 1 ANC visit during pregnancy reduced the risk of neonatal death by 42% compared to their counterparts (RR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.47, 0.71]). The pooled prevalence of NM was 8.5% (95% CI [7.3, 9.6]), with NM rate of 46.3/1000 live births. Conclusion The study indicated that NM might be decreased even with a single ANC visit when compared to no visits. Scaling up ANC services through ANC promotion and tackling service-related barriers could potentially reduce NM in Eastern Africa.