Stunting is often associated with too early complementary feeding time and inadequate protein intake. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the practice of complementary feeding and the level of protein adequacy with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the working area of Puskesmas Bantaran Probolinggo regency, East Java. Research used observational analytic with retrospective case control design. The sample were 22 stunted group and 22 non-stunted control group who met the inclusion criteria, and taken by simple random sampling. The sample was a stunting locus village toddler in the working area of Puskesmas Bantaran, Probolinggo Regency with mother as respondents. Data collection instruments included questionnaires of characteristic, SQ-FFQ to assess protein adequacy, and microtoise to measure height. Analysis using Chi-Square and Spearman test. The results showed that stunted toddlers get inappropriate complementary feeding (81.8%) and deficit of protein intake (81.8%). Non-stunted toddlers get the right complementary feeding practices (63.6%) and adequate protein intake (59.1%). There is a relationship between the practice of complementary feeding (p=0.002, OR=7.87) and the level of protein adequacy (p=0.005, OR=6.5) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers. The conclusion of this study is that toddlers with improper complementary feeding practices are 7.87 times higher risk of stunting and toddlers with adequate levels of protein deficit are 6.5 times higher risk of stunting. Mothers should be able to increase the amount of protein intake and proper complementary feeding.

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, and if it continues, the patients are at risk of having a macrovascular or microvascular complication. One of the most frequent microvascular complications is Diabetic Retinopathy, with a prevalence of 42.6%. Most of the blindness due to Diabetic Retinopathy is a permanent condition and cannot be treated, so prevention is vital in reducing this disease. This literature aimed at providing the recent information related to the effect of curcumin in preventing Diabetic Retinopathy from occurring in patients with Diabetes Mellitus and becoming a source of the latest product innovation in preventing this disease. The writing began by electronic database searching via Google Scholar, Science Direct, Medline, and Research Gate. Only articles in English were taken as a literature review with the following research variables, namely the decrease in ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), the decline in inflammation, morphological changes in the retina, and reduction in levels of VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)which is an angiogenic factor. Twelve studies showed the following measurement results, namely five studies showed a significant result for giving curcumin extract to decrease ROS; ten studies showed that curcumin extract could significantly improve the morphology of the retina; four studies showed that curcumin extract could significantly help the anti-inflammation process, and four studies showed a significant reduction in VEGF levels. Based on twelve articles reviewed, curcumin can act as a bioactive substance in preventing Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by cumulative and continuous malnutrition resulting in children being too short for their age. The percentage of stunted under-five children in 2021 in East Java province was 23.5%. Meanwhile, in Mojokerto District, the stunting prevalence was 27.4%, above the stunting prevalence in East Java province. The local government agency at a regency/municipality level up to a village level plays a role as a policy creator and an implementor; they need to know well about various matters related to stunting to achieve the goal, which is decreasing the stunting rate. This activity aimed to improve the stakeholders’ knowledge as the policymakers on stunting and its preventive efforts. The method used in this study was a cross-sectional method using a quantitative survey. The activity consisted of three stages: first, distributing pre-test questionnaires related to materials that would be given; second, conducting education to the stakeholders by three speakers and was followed by a discussion; third, distributing post-test questionnaires to measure the respondents’ understandings of the education that had been given. The findings of this study indicated that there was a significant difference in the average knowledge of stunting dan the preventive efforts before and after conducting education to the stakeholders (P=0.00). This result showed that there was a positive effect on giving education to improve the stakeholders’ knowledge of stunting as an acceleration effort to the Desa EMAS (Eliminasi Stunting) in Mojokerto District. Keywords: Education, Stunting Knowledge, Stakeholder

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which if not done properly, can cause microvascular and macrovascular disorders. Indicators of the accuracy of diabetes management in this scientific article include education, self-management (improving diet, increasing physical activity, and self-efficacy), and monitoring of HbA1c levels. Mobile devices have the potential as a tool for diabetes mellitus management in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0.Purpose: to provide the latest information regarding the effectiveness of using mobile devices in controlling risk factors for diabetes mellitus.Method: This study is a literature review study. The electronic databases used are Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Directory of Access Journals (DOAJ). Inclusion criteria: original research, a journal of at least 80% indexed by Sinta (Indonesian journal) and indexed by Scopus (international journal), published year 2010-2020, intervention using a mobile device, has an output of HbA1c levels, self management (diet, physical activity, and self efficacy), and the level of knowledge. Exclusion criteria: reference with secondary data.Result: This study used 16 scientific articles. A number of 12 studies (75%) reported the use of mobile device applications in controlling risk factors for diabetes mellitus had significant measurement results in controlling HbA1c levels in 10 studies (83%) and 2 studies were not significant (17%). Outcomes in the form of self-management were reported by 9 studies with details of the significant results of dietary improvement in 5 studies (83%), increased physical activity in 5 studies (63%), and self-efficacy in 4 studies (67%). The increase in knowledge was reported by 4 studies with significant results (100%).Conclusion: Mobile device-based digital intervention is quite effective in controlling diabetes mellitus risk factors to control HbA1c levels, increasing self-management (improving diet, increasing physical activity, and self-efficacy) and knowledge.