Abstract Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is public health problem in Indonesia and causes  extraordinary event with  high mortality rate. It is caused by Dengue virus infection of the genus Flavivirirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti bite. All regions in Indonesia are risky for contracting DHF because the virus and the mosquitoes have spread widely in residential housing and public places throughout Indonesia. This study used an observational analytic design with cross sectional method. The respondents were people in the Marelan District of Medan. Data on knowledge, attitudes and practices about DHF were obtained through a guided questionnaire. Data about the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae were obtained through direct observation of the environment around the respondent's houses. The chi square analysis showed that the level of knowledge about DHF was not related to the presence of larvae with a p value of 0.128 (p value> 0.05). For attitude and practice aspects indicate relationship with p values of 0.01 and 0.004 (p value< 0.05). Often the knowledge about DHF is not manifested as action to reduce the presence of mosquito larvae causing the disease in their environment. Still, guidance in intensive counseling and motivating the community about eradicating mosquito nests is very important. Abstrak Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia dan sering menimbulkan kejadian luar biasa dengan tingkat kematian yang tinggi. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi virus Dengue dari genus Flavivirus yang dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia melalui perantaraan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Seluruh wilayah di Indonesia berisiko terjangkit penyakit DBD, sebab baik virus penyebab maupun nyamuk penularnya sudah tersebar luas di perumahan penduduk maupun di tempat-tempat umum di seluruh Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Kecamatan Medan Marelan. Data variabel pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan mengenai DBD diperoleh melalui kuesioner secara terpimpin. Data variabel keberadaan jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti diperoleh melalui observasi secara langsung lingkungan sekitar rumah responden. Hasil analisis chi square menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan mengenai penyakit DBD tidak berhubungan dengan keberadaan jentik dengan nilai p=0,128 (p value >0,05). Untuk aspek sikap dan tindakan menunjukkan adanya hubungan dengan nilai p masing-masing 0,01 dan 0,004 (p value <0,05). Seringkali pengetahuan mengenai DBD tidak diwujudnyatakan menjadi suatu tindakan untuk mengurangi keberadaan jentik nyamuk penyebab penyakit tersebut di lingkungan rumahnya. Walaupun demikian,pembinaan dalam penyuluhan dan motivasi yang intensif kepada masyarakat tentang pemberantasan sarang nyamuk tetap sangat penting dilakukan.

Background : Garlic is a plant which is used to treat various types of diseases, especially the ones caused by bacterial infection. Allicin in garlic is one of the active compounds which has an antibacterial effect. Some studies found  that garlic has an inhibitory effect on Salmonella typhi. Objective : This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of garlic juice against Salmonella typhi. Methods : This study was  an experimental-laboratory research using disc diffusion method on MHA media. This study used five concentrations, namely 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Amoxicillin and aquadest were used as positive and negative controls. The inhibition zone was determined by observing the clear zone around the disc then the results of the study were compared with positive control with CLSI 2017 guidance table where Salmonella typhi was susceptible when the amoxicillin inhibitory diameter zone was ≥ 17 mm, intermediate was 14-16 mm, and resistant was ≤ 13 mm. Results : The results showed that garlic juice has an antibacterial effect on various consentration. The minimum concentration of garlic juice to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi is on 50% with 19.25 mm diameters. Conclusion : There was an antibacterial effect of garlic juice on Salmonella typhi.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of disease that needs serious attention. The highest number of dengue cases in North Sumatra was in Medan City. One effective way to deal with  dengue fever completely is to involve the community in eradicating the larvae / infectious mosquitoes, known as the Eradication of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Mosquito Nest (PSN DBD). The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with PSN DBD  in Medan Deli District. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample was determined using the rapid survey method. The area selection was carried out using the principle of PPT (Probability proportional to size), while the household samples were obtained by simple random method.The total sample of this study was 237 people. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire.  Univariate analysis results of showed that most respondents already had good knowledge (71.3%), good attitude (88.2%) and good PSN DBD actions (97.9%). However, the results of the analysis with the Fisher’s test obtained no relationship between age, education, employment status, knowledge and attitudes of respondents with the actions of PSN DBD in Medan Deli District.  Abstrak  Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang perlu mendapat perhatian serius. Jumlah kasus DBD tertinggi di Sumatera Utara terdapat di Kota Medan. Salah satu cara yang efektif untuk menanggulangi penyakit DBD secara tuntas adalah dengan melibatkan masyarakat dalam membasmi jentik/nyamuk penularnya yang dikenal dengan istilah Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk Demam Berdarah Dengue (PSN DBD). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tindakan PSN DBD di Kecamatan Medan Deli. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ini ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode rapid survey. Pendekatan pemilihan wilayah dilakukan dengan menggunakan prinsip PPT (Probability Proportionate to size) berdasarkan jumlah penduduk, sementara sampel rumah tangga diperoleh dengan metode acak sederhana. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 237 orang. Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah kuesioner. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan sebagian besar responden sudah memiliki pengetahuan yang baik (71,3%), sikap yang baik (88,2%) dan tindakan PSN DBD yang baik (97,9%), akan tetapi hasil analisis dengan uji Fisher’s diperoleh tidak terdapat hubungan umur, pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pengetahuan, dan sikap responden dengan tindakan PSN DBD di Kecamatan Medan Deli.

Penyakit tidak menular mempunyai angka mortalitas yang tinggi di dunia. Untuk mengendalikannya, kita perlu meminimalisir faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi, yaitu dengan perilaku CERDIK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik individu (jenis kelamin, suku, pengetahuan, riwayat penyakit tidak menular keluarga) dan dukungan sosial (dukungan emosional, instrumen, informasi dan penghargaan) terhadap perilaku pencegahan penyakit tidak menular. Penelitian ini merupakan desain potong lintang, data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 221 mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen yang aktif secara akademik yang direkrut dengan simple random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian diperoleh mayoritas responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (72,9%), suku Batak Toba (61,5%), tidak mempunyai riwayat penyakit tidak menular dalam keluarga (50,2%), mempunyai pengetahuan yang tinggi (94,6%), mendapatkan dukungan sosial (96,5%), melaksanakan perilaku pencegahan CERDIK (66,5%), dan mendapatkan dukungan emosional (98,6%). Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pencegahan adalah dukungan sosial (p= 0,014; OR= 7,981), dan riwayat penyakit tidak menular dalam keluarga (p= 0,021; OR= 0,502). Pada komponen dukungan sosial, faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pencegahan penyakit tidak menular adalah dukungan instrumental (p = 0,020; OR=  4,333). Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, disarankan dapat melihat sumber dan media dukungan sosial manakah yang paling mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan.

Immunization is an effort to raise / enhance immunity against a disease actively, if one day body is exposed to the disease, it will not get sick or it will get mild illness. According to the 2013 and 2018 Riskesdas data on complete obligatory basic immunization coverage in Indonesia it was found decrease from 59.2% to 57.9%. Obligatory basic immunization coverage in Dairi Regency in 2016 - 2017 has decreased, in 2016 (83.7%) and 2017 (81.3%). The objective of this study was to determine the differences in the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers with the completeness of obligatory basic immunizations in the working area of ??the Hutarakyat Health Center in 2019. This was an analytical study with a case control design. The study sample was 76 respondents taken by consecutive sampling. Data collected is using questionnaire. The results of this study showed that of 76 respondents, mothers who brought their babies for immunization in 2019 had the most adulthood (77.6%), had higher education (69.7%), had a non-working status (60.5%), had good knowledge (65.9%), and had a positive attitude (62.5%). Toward immunization there were significant differences in the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers towards the completeness of obligatoty basic immunization. There were differences in the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers with the completeness of obligatory basic immunizations.