ha -1 ) led to significantly increase in WUE in both cultivars under irrigated and desiccated conditions. However, WUE was significantly higher in desiccated conditions than irrigated conditions in in Sakha94 than Adana99. May the primary cause of increased WUE, decreasing leaf chlorophyll concentration, photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance (g s ).

Two field experiments were carried out during two summer seasons 2001 and 2002 at the experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta University to study the effect of [bio fertilizer notroben + phosphorus]with levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on yield and its components of maize plants of cultivar [single cross 10]. The results obtained could be summarized as follows A-Nitrogen levels plus notroben: 1-Addition of high dose of nitrogen [120 kg N/fed] alone caused a significant effect on ear length, straw yield /fed in ton, grain yield/plant in gm and feddan in ardab and crude protein percentage. 2-Addition of 60 kg N/fed plus notroben results in a significant increase in weight of 100 kernels.. 3-Nitogen levels [90 kg N/fed] plus notroben caused a significant increase in shelling percentage seed index, straw yield /fed in ton and grain yield per plant in gm and per fed Dan in ardab 4-120 kg N/fed plus notroben resulted in a significant effect on ear length, shelling percentage, grain yield per plant in gm or per fed Dan in ardab, crude protein percentage, straw yield /fed in ton and seed index.. B-Phosphorus levels plus phosphoren: 1-15 kg P2O5/fed alone caused a significant increase in shelling percentage and seed index 3-7.5 kg P2O5/fed plus phosphoren gave the significant increase in grain yield per fed Dan in ton, seed index, protein percentage and ear length, straw yield (ton/fed.). 4-15kg P2O5/fed plus phosphoren resulted in a significant increase in ear length, grain yield in ardab or ton, straw yield /fed in ton and crude protein percentage.. C-Interaction effect:The significant interaction was found on straw yield /fed in ton, ear length, grain yield per plant in gm or in ardab or ton and seed index. From the obtained results, it could be recommended that the use of bio fertilizer to minimize the chemical nitrogen fertilizer, reduced the costs of production and pollution which could be occurred be excessive use of chemical fertilizer.

Field experimental was carried out at Kalabsho - El-Dakhlia Governorate, Egypt,  in 2013/14 and 2014/2015 winter growing seasons.  To study effect of last regime irrigation before harvest by 15 and 30 days and spacing hills 15, 20 and 25 cm between plants in addition to three cultivars (Sultan, Farida and Samba) on sugar beet yield and quality under reclaimed soils in Kalabsho location. Split-Split plot design were used in both season. Main plots allocated with regime irrigation befor harvest, sub-plots were take with hill spacing between plants whearas, cultivars were arranged in sub-sub plots. Main results were obtained can summarized as folllow: Wih decreasing the gap between last irrigation and harvest to 15 days caused to gave significant increase in value of top fresh weight and root yields, this was true in both seasons (0.361and 0.283 kg/plant) and (25.59 and 26.00 ton/fed.) respectivety. On the other direction,with increasing the gab between last irrigation and harvest untill 30 days resulting in significant differences among mean values of root fresh weight kg/plant,sugar yield ton/fed.,sucrose %,total soluble solids and purity percentages in both seasons. These trends due to,with elonation the period before harvest with out water supply reduced water content in roots through 30 days compared to 15 days befor harvest which was notenough to exhibited any enjourity to plants, or decreasing in water root content. Planting sugar beet seeds at 20 cm. between hills progressive than other distance (15 and 25 cm.) for most important characters,root,top fresh weight, sucrose and purity %. On the other hand space 15 cm. between hills gave the highest values of top fresh weight,root yield, sugar yield and sucrose % in the first season.  Cultivar,Farida gave the highest values of root fresh weight,root yields,sugar yields,sucrose  % and T.ss % in the first season and purity in the second season. Significant interaction effects were found between main three factors under study illustrated that spacing hill 20 cm. between plants,preventation irrigation befor harvest by 30 days with used Farida cultivare gave the highest values for most important characters under study.

Two field experiments were carried out during two summer seasons 2001 and 2002 at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr EL Sheikh, Tanta University to study the effect of [bio fertilizer notroben+phosphorus ]with levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on growth of maize plants of cultivar [single cross 10]. The results obtained could be summarized as follows A-Nitrogen levels plus notroben; 1-Addition of high dose of nitrogen [120 kg N/fed] alone caused a significant effect on total dry weight of the plant and its organs[stem, leaves, ears and tassel] and days to 50 % silking 2-Addition of 60 kg N/fed plus notroben results in a significant increase in dry weight of stem and tassel, and days; to 50 % silking. 3-Nitogen levels [90 kg N/fed] plus notroben caused a significant increase in number of leaves per plant 4-120 kg N/fed plus notroben resulted in a significant effect on dry weight of total plants and its organs [stem, leaves, ears and tassel], number of leaves/plant and ear leaf area. B-Phosphorus levels plus phosphoren: 1-Zero of P2O5/ fed resulted in a significant increase in area of ear leaf 2-15 kg P2O5/fed alone caused a significant increase in total dry weight of plant and its organs [stem, leaves, ears and tassel] and number of leaves/ plant 3-7.5 kg P2O5/fed plus phosphoren gave the significant increase in DM of leaves, ears and stem] and total plant, number of leaves/ plant and ear leaf area. 4-15kg P2O5/fed plus phosphoren resulted in a significant increase in DM of leaves, stem, ears and plants, number of leaves /plant and ear leaf area. C-Interaction effect: The significant interaction was found on DM of ears, number of leaves/plant, DM of stem, leaves, tassel and plant as a whole, ear leaf area and days to 50 % silking. From the obtained results, it could be recommended that the use of bio fertilizer to minimize the chemical nitrogen fertilizer, reduced the costs of production and pollution which could be occurred be excessive use of chemical fertilizer.

Background: Selection of stabilization procedures for treating thoracolumbar burst fractures remains controversial. Both long-segment and short-segment pedicle screw fixation have been used widely with no consensus on the better method. Aim of study: To compare the outcome of long segment and short segment posterior fixation as amanagement of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Patients and Methods: 60 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria who underwent posterior pedicle screw fixation for burst fracture of thoracolumbar spine in Neurosurgery Department of Al-Azhar University Hospitals and El-Ahrar General Hospital, Zagazig between August 2019 and Febrauray 2022. Patients were randomized into one of two groups. Short segment group (30 patients) was treated by short segment fixation, i.e., 1 level above and 1 level below the fractured vertebra. Long segment group (30 patients) was treated by long segment pedicle screw fixation, i.e., fixation of 2 levels above and below the fractured vertebra. Assessment of kyphosis correction by using the Cobb method and restoration of the anterior vertebral body height was performed radiologically postoperatively and at 3 and 6 months follow up. Results: Demographic data of both groups were quite comparable. thoracolumbar burst fracture