Deviance is a complex phenomenon that influences aspects both at the macro and micro levels, extensively studied by social scientists The main objective of this article was to conduct a systematic literature review for clustering the topics on adolescent deviance and online deviance. Grounded in Pickering's and Byrne's guidelines and PRISMA protocol, we identified the most recurrent themes, theories and predictors in the 61 most-cited articles related to the concept of deviance from the database of Web of Science, as well as in 488 abstracts of representative papers. The results emphasized four main clusters of topics, namely, predictors of deviance, online deviance, socio-constructivist theories, and research based theories of deviant behavior. The findings highlighted that researchers frequently use strain theory, social learning, self-control, and social control theories in their studies. Our systematic literature review revealed also the most encountered predictors of deviance, which we have classified into five main categories: family patterns, socio-demographic aspects, socialization, victimization, and school and individual factors. For online deviance, family patterns, socio-demographic aspects, victimization, school and individual factors, and Internet and computer use have been determined to be the main groups of predictors. The present systematic literature review makes an important contribution to the understanding of deviance by presenting an overview of the phenomenon.

The article draws on the results of a survey conducted in schools from Bihor county in 2018-2019. The study analyses the answers of 4,261 8th grade pupils regarding generosity and its predictors. The actual research is an extension of our article from 2016 which analysed similar data collected in 2011. Our first results showed a significant correlation between generosity and socioeconomic background and between generosity and gender. Considering the results of our previous research, we conducted the present research using new data and adding new hypotheses such as the influence of religiosity. As expected, based on the literature, our new results indicate that religiosity explains generosity variation among 8th grade Romanian pupils from Bihor county. It seems that general trust, school results, living environment (rural vs. urban) have no influence, aspect which can be explained, at least partially, by the specificity of the Romanian culture. Religious girls with a better financial position are most generous. Our research also proves a similarity between the generosity level in schools. We consider that the results of our research can contribute significantly to a better understanding of generosity and its specificity in our country, and be exploited by further studies or programs run by non-profit organizations, fundraising campaigns.

The connection that links patterns of philanthropic behavior with the organization of state delivery of welfare and the development of civil society has been theorized recently. Off this line of thought we refer to the Esping-Andersen's well-known welfare regimes: Liberal, Conservative and Social-Democratic (1990), respectively, more recently, to the philanthropic regimes elaborated by Pennerstorfer and Neumeyr (2017): Liberal, Social-Democratic, Corporatist, Mediterranean and Eastern European regimes. In order to test the taxonomy of the non-profit regimes developed by the aforementioned authors, we employed the more recent data of the 2010 74.1 Eurobarometer. In our approach we classified the 29 countries and territories using the hierarchical clustering technique and identified three main classes of countries, named by us, regimes of philanthropic practices: Regime 1 (Great Givers), Regime 2 (Direct Givers) and Regime 3 (NGO Donors and Volunteers). A comparison of our classification with the one proposed by Pennerstorfer and Neumeyr shows similarities as well as the limits of the original taxonomy which can be partly overcome due to the larger and more variate pool of cases. Interpretations of the results in comparison with Esping's welfare regimes or to the alternative models of Crowding-out and Crowding-in of NGOs by state are also provided.

(1) Background: Sustainability is a crucial priority and a critical part of the modern world. Promoting pro-social values to the younger generation is an issue addressed throughout this paper. The present study aims to answer the question of whether generosity, as a positive attitude towards others, and sustainability, as a positive attitude towards the environment, are related. (2) Methods: The current research includes a sample of 4333 adolescents, ages 14 and 15, who attend schools in Bihor County, Romania. (3) Results: The regression analysis indicates a significant correlation between sustainable values, operationalized through adolescent involvement in environmental organisations, and generosity. (4) Conclusions: Sustainable behaviour can be considered a form of giving that contributes to the collective good. Our research outlines a significant need for a new set of competencies provided through a newly designed curriculum and/or through focused training, in order to cultivate generosity across cultures, ecologies, and generations; at the same time, we also highlight the significant role that the joint efforts of the school-family-library trifecta in supporting this goal.

In this study, melt flow index values from several household waste fractions containing mainly polypropylene and high-density polyethylene, were measured at 190 °C for polyethylene and 230 °C for polypropylene-rich fractions. High values of MFI (low shear viscosities) have been reported probably due to the lower molecular mass of the polymer waste and/or the presence of surfactant compounds on the surface of the polymer flakes. Also, by extruding the same batch in different cycles at the same temperature values, the number of processing cycles on which the polymer could be recycled has been determined.