Le Québec mise actuellement sur un accroissement des communautés immigrantes francophones pour faire face au vieillissement de la population et pour combler une rareté de main-d’oeuvre. Ainsi, des villes traditionnellement homogènes, comme la ville de Québec, voient leur paysage ethnoculturel se diversifier considérablement et rapidement, ce qui donne lieu à des débats sur la diversité culturelle grandissante et la place de l’immigration. Dans ce contexte, il importe de documenter les attitudes, positives ou négatives, de ses habitants à l’égard des variétés de français parlées par les nouveaux arrivants, marquées par un accent francophone étranger. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons une méthodologie inspirée du test du locuteur masqué, combinée avec un questionnaire, afin de faire évaluer la personnalité, les compétences, la compréhensibilité, la correction de la prononciation des locuteurs francophones ainsi que la volonté de nos participants d’établir des liens avec ces derniers dans un contexte amical, professionnel et public. Les résultats montrent que les attitudes sont généralement positives, mais qu’elles changent en fonction de la variété, et que les voix les mieux évaluées sont celles des Québécois.
The present study investigated the attitudes of long-time residents of Quebec City towards French Lx economic immigrants settling into their community. We evaluated the speech of four linguistic groups (English, Spanish, Mandarin and Farsi) using the verbal-guise methodology. Listeners were presented with 10 audio-only stimuli (1 male and 1 female speakers from each group and 2 distractors) and 10 combined audio-visual stimuli (1 male and 1 female Quebec French speakers associated with photographs from our target language groups). After hearing each excerpt, listeners rated the speakers on their perceived characteristics. Results showed that the combined stimuli were evaluated more favorably than the audio-only stimuli. We also found that female voices were significantly better evaluated than those of men. Last, listeners showed preferences towards Spanish and Farsi groups over English and Mandarin, and specifically towards female voices. The evaluations thus seem to reflect past and present stereotypes circulating in the community.
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