Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the determinants of the practice and patronage of traditional bonesetting (TBS) in a Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design approach with purposive sampling technique was used. Data collection was through the use of two set of self-developed structured questionnaire (for bonesetters and clients). The study obtained data from eight traditional bonesetters and fifty-six inpatients receiving treatments in the bonesetters' homes across the study location. Results: Findings from the study showed that the major cause of fractures were road traffic accidents while low cost of treatment was the major influence for patronizing traditional bonesetters. The study also revealed that majority of the traditional bonesetters had little or no formal education. Among the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, only occupation showed signification relationship with reasons for patronage of TBS homes (χ 2 = 28.164, P = 0.036). Conclusion: The patronage of traditional bonesetters may be impossible to eradicate; thus, the study recommends the need for collaboration among traditional bonesetters and modern orthopedic practitioners through recognition and continuous training of the traditional bonesetters on appropriate management and referrals.