COVID-19 disease is a pandemic that affects the cardio-respiratory system and causes other systemic problems. The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs for COVID-19 disease sequelae is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PR on COVID-19 sequelae. A 52-year-old patient was hospitalized for 8 days, and the complaints of fatigue and dyspnea continued after being discharged. For this reason, an exercise program was recommended. The patient underwent a 6-week PR that consisted of breathing, aerobic, and resistance exercises under supervision. After 6 weeks of the PR, complaints of dyspnea and fatigue decreased. There were also improvements in aerobic capacity and quality of life scores. The PR caused improvements in cardiorespiratory system complaints on a nonventilated COVID-19 patient.

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The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Marmara University Faculty of Medicine with the protocol number 092020633.All procedures in this study involving human participants were performed in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Conflict of InterestNo conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the clinical and laboratory parameters which may be suggestive of or even pathognomonic for primary epiploic appendagitis (PEA) and to discuss the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound (US) compared to computed tomography (CT) in patients with PEA. Materials and methods: For this retrospective study, 92 patients diagnosed with PEA using US, CT or both modalities were included. All patient symptoms, clinical findings and laboratory parameters were reviewed. The CT and US images of the PEA were evaluated for lesion size and location, the relationship of the lesion to the colon and the distance of the lesion to the skin. Results: There were 16 female and 76 male patients in the study group. The mean age was 35 years (range: 38–79 years). Well-localized abdominal pain was the primary symptom in all patients. The mean leukocyte count was 7857±1326 mm-3. The most frequent localization of PEA was sigmoid-descending colon junction (79/92). In patients who were examined by both US and CT, the size of the fatty central core was between 15-48 mm (mean:28.10 mm) and 9-22 mm (mean:15.07 mm) in its long-axis and short-axis diameter, respectively on US, whilst that by CT was between 15-46 mm (mean:26.88 mm) and 9-21 mm (mean:14.40 mm) in its long-axis and short-axis diameter, respectively. In patients who were examined by both US and CT, the mean distance of the lesions to the skin was 20.80 mm and 33.97 mm, respectively. All patients were treated conservatively with complete resolution of symptoms within a week of presentation. Conclusion: PEA is an unrare self-limiting condition that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. To support clinicians and radiologists regarding PEA and its clinical, laboratory and radiological findings, targeted sonographic examination - which is radiation and contrast agent-free - could be highly sufficient for the diagnosis of PEA and may prevent unnecessary further imaging and mistreatment.