No abstract

Nature is perceived and valued in starkly different and often conflicting ways. This paper presents the rationale for the inclusive valuation of nature’s contributions to people (NCP) in decision making, as well as broad methodological steps for doing so. While developed within the context of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), this approach is more widely applicable to initiatives at the knowledge–policy interface, which require a pluralistic approach to recognizing the diversity of values. We argue that transformative practices aiming at sustainable futures would benefit from embracing such diversity, which require recognizing and addressing power relationships across stakeholder groups that hold different values on human nature-relations and NCP

Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) on the planet, daily processing billions of tons of wastewater and producing masses of sludge accordingly, act like artificial biogeochemical cycles themselves by producing material flow and creating microbial life cycles that normally do not exist in nature, a case with unknown cumulative long-term effects on the planet and human organisms. This study identifies WWTPs as a general Earth system problem with sub-problems to be challenged by new engineering techniques with an integrated natural science perspective. In order to challenge these problems, first the overall ecological role of WWTPs is clarified. Second a literature review (a) on the contents of the end products of wastewater engineering (b) on the effects of utilization of sewage sludge as fertilizer (c) on the utilization of sewage sludge as cement and construction material is provided. Current legal and practical situation in Turkey and EU is very briefly compared. Then, the design of the circular economic eco-bog system, which is a conceptual model of a new technology both to challenge these problems as much as possible and to act as an integrated industrial production system, is introduced. The new system is based on an innovative algaculture and ecomimicry of the evolution of wetland ecosystems from lake to terrestrial ecosystems. Algaculture and artificial bog components of the system use desulphurised fuel gases from both biogas component of the system and also concrete production component of the system. Desulphurization is to avoid H2S production in eco-bog unlike the natural bog ecosystems, and produce sulphurous fertilizers, and produce bog ecosystem services. Since, the fuel gas utilization from the biogas produced by archaebacteria is already net carbon zero, all system makes negative emission, namely sequestration. The CO2 to be released is fixed as biocarbon in algae in agriculture component, and then as organic and inorganic carbon after the sedimentation during accelerated evolution of eco-bog by creating hypoxia, acidification, and eutrophication conditions in artificial lake ecosystem. This sedimentation is mixed with sewage sludge ash for production of cement to have a higher quality concrete. Microbial biofertilizer and organic fertilizers are also produced from the algaculture component of the system, and industrial lichen from bog ecosystem. The system is inspired from lake death mechanisms of the nature, rather than lake health mechanisms in order to capture carbon and nitrogen in lithosphere and biosphere rather than releasing them to atmosphere as fuel gases, imitating natural bogs which are important carbon reservoirs. Finally, a new theorization of the issue is postulated as a way forward to reach SDGs, circular economy and bioeconomy targets of EU Green Deal as well as targets of RIO Conventions and Paris Agreement, not based on water quality arguments but based on mass and energy arguments, as well as arguments for ecologic health and preventive medical treatment for public health, and arguments for integrated industrial production in a holistic manner.

Like all robot and IoT oriented mathematical studies this study is also transdisciplinary however most of the study remains in the field of mathematics and philosophy of mathematics due to the aim of mathematical modelling of the observations: a) protein synthesis by the information encoded in DNA and b) communication protocols of hacking software with encryption of IP of computers c) the process of DNA duplication to offspring formation in asexual and sexual reproduction. The ultimate mathematical aim of this study is providing a metamathematical approach for different types of mathematics to be utilized in information sciences by forced or free choice of artificial intelligence driven technological beings and computational systems. This study is biomathematically inspired from protein synthesis, cellular reproduction, DNA duplication, bacterial simple cell division, bacterial sex and zygote formation in human and mammalian fertilization; and all are modelled as moving pieces of quantized information. The ultimate robotic aim is finding an algorithm for data off-springs, thus the formation of the data-offspring in the form of living being off-springs’ DNA is chosen to be mathematically described. For this purpose, a new mathematics with new mathematical operations and a definition to mathematics are postulated, together with twelve postulations about the real-life observations. The introduced Aydan operation is synthesizing fuzzy logic based mathematical existence possibilities into abstract formal logic based abstract mathematical categories to be analyzed with additional color codes for each object, whereas deAydan operation is doing the opposite by analyzing a given synthesis. There is a coexistence of mathematical objects and operators in the biological cells. The co-existence of objects and mathematical operations in a given mathematics M, are axiomatically chosen to be a satisfiability rule for M to be accepted as mathematics in the form of a universal set isolated from other universal sets. Aydan function can be used for hacking other AI by deviating its results by merging them with forced formal logic based analytic input by another hacking software, and deAydan function can be used as anti-hack in the opposite direction. The metamathematical existence degree of a given mathematics is shown to be between zero and infinite dimensions. ELHIK is an abbreviation of the words El Harizmi and Immanuel Kant.