Annually, over 500,000 women die from complications of pregnancy and childbirth; the majority die from hemorrhage and shock. Obstetrical hemorrhage of all etiologies, such as uterine atony, ruptured uterus, and ruptured ectopic, can cause massive blood loss resulting in severe shock. Unless women can access fluid replacement, blood transfusions, and, often, surgery, the shock leads to organ failure and death. Therefore, the majority of maternal hemorrhage deaths occur in developing countries. The non-pneumatic anti-shock garment (NASG) is a lightweight , reusable, neoprene and Velcro compression device that can be rapidly applied to a hemorrhaging woman to shunt blood from the lower extremities to the core organs, heart, lung and brain, and to decrease blood loss. We review literature on the history, mechanisms of action, and use of Anti-Shock Garments (ASGs) in emergency medicine, focusing on the use of inflatable or Pneumatic ASGs (PASGs) for obstetrical, gynecological, and urological hemorrhage. We describe similarities and differences between the PASG and the newer NASG. We then review recent studies on the NASG for obstetrical hemorrhage in Pakistan, Nigeria, and Egypt, and conclude with recommendations for the types of research necessary to bring the NASG into wider use.
