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Context Population-level coverage for immunization against many vaccine-preventable diseases remains below optimal rates in the U.S. The Community Preventive Services Task Force recently recommended several interventions to increase vaccination coverage based on systematic reviews of the evaluation literature. The present study provides the economic results from those reviews. Evidence acquisition A systematic review was conducted (search period, January 1980 through February 2012) to identify economic evaluations of 12 interventions recommended by the Task Force. Evidence was drawn from included studies; estimates were constructed for the population reach of each strategy, cost of implementation, and cost per additional vaccinated person because of the intervention. Analyses were conducted in 2014. Evidence synthesis Reminder systems, whether for clients or providers, were among the lowest-cost strategies to implement and the most cost effective in terms of additional people vaccinated. Strategies involving home visits and combination strategies in community settings were both costly and less cost effective. Strategies based in settings such as schools and managed care organizations that reached the target population achieved additional vaccinations in the middle range of cost effectiveness. Conclusions The interventions recommended by the Task Force differed in reach, cost, and cost effectiveness. This systematic review presents the economic information for 12 effective strategies to increase vaccination coverage that can guide implementers in their choice of interventions to fit their local needs, available resources, and budget.

BackgroundAlcohol-impaired driving is a major contributor to motor vehicle crash deaths resulting in almost 270 000 deaths globally. In 2001, the Community Preventive Services Task Force recommended the use of sobriety checkpoints on the basis of a systematic review that showed sobriety checkpoints resulted in a median decline of about 20% in alcohol-related crash fatalities. This review included 32 studies published through 30 June 2000. New studies evaluating publicised sobriety Checkpoint programmes have since been published, leading to an updated review in 2012.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo determine if the effectiveness of sobriety checkpoints has changed since the publication of the 2001 (original) systematic review.To explore whether low manpower staffed checkpoints are as effective as traditional checkpoints.To determine the economic costs and benefits of sobriety checkpoints.MethodsThe Community Guide methods for systematic reviews were used to evaluate studies of sobriety checkpoints published from July 2000 through March 2012.Results/OutcomesFifteen studies met the systematic review inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies conducted in the USA showed a median reduction in alcohol-involved fatal crashes of 8.9%. One study from New Zealand showed a reduction in serious and fatal nighttime crashes of 22%. The two evaluations on low manpower staffed checkpoints respectively showed reductions of 18% and 64% in alcohol-involved fatal crashes and drinking/driving behaviour. Five economic evaluations showed that benefits exceed costs with benefit-to-cost ratios ranging from 2 : 1 to 57 : 1.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis systematic review update confirms the effectiveness of sobriety checkpoints in reducing alcohol-impaired crashes, injuries and deaths.