Childhood malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality depend not only on food intake but also on care behaviors commonly affected by the economic character of the primary caregiver, usually the mother. The objective of this study was to examine the constraints of workload in agricultural food production on children's nutritional status, feeding, and hygiene practices among rural women in Ibadan, Nigeria. This descriptive and cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage sampling technique and recruited 217 motherchild pairs from agrarian communities of Ibadan. Sociodemographic and personal characteristics of mothers and their children were obtained. The workload in farming was determined using 24-hour physical activity recall and categorized as light (≤ 20), moderate (> 20-40), and heavy (> 40) Metabolic Equivalent-hours per day (MET-hours/ day). Child anthropometry was measured and expressed as stunting (height-for-age), wasting (weight-for-height) and underweight (weight-for-age). Feeding and hygiene practices of mothers were assessed using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean age of mothers and under-five children was 32.32 ± 6.2 years and 35.3 ± 14.1 months respectively. Many (62.2%) of the mothers had no formal education and 59.4% and 40.6% of the children were male and female respectively. Mean workload of mothers was 34.4 ± 10.1 MET-hours/day with 58.5% and 32.7% of the mothers having moderate and heavy workloads respectively. Among children, underweight, stunting, and wasting were 30.4%, 40.6%, and 7.8%, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between mothers' agricultural workload and height-for-age (r = -0.128) and weight-for-age (r = -0.113) of their children. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 3.2% and mothers' workload negatively and significantly correlated with the time of introducing complementary food (p < 0.05). There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the proportion of those who covered their kitchen utensils/food items as the workload increased. Heavy agricultural workload among the rural women in Ibadan significantly and negatively affects their feeding and hygiene practices and reduces the nutritional outcomes of their children. Therefore, a comprehensive nutritional program targeted at rural women and their children should be implemented.