The poor resource growers of southern Chhattisgarh have deprived of modern technologies of cultivation including externally managed inputs to augment the finger millet production. The low, negligible or no profit associated rainfed (aerobic) agriculture is still the only option owing to their socio-economic condition and physiographic location. The field experiment was conducted during the rainy (Kharif) seasons of 2011 and 2012 at Bastar district of Chhattisgarh with local finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) locally known as 'Mandiya' for assessing the sustainability of finger millet productivity. The soil was sandy loam, low in organic carbon (0.43%), and available N (178 kg/ha), P (21.4 kg/ha), medium in K (179 kg/ha) available with almost neutral (pH 6.8) in reaction. Application of fertilizer and manure significantly increased plant height and flag leaf length; N:P:K @ 40:30:15 kg/ha + 7 t/ha or 50:40:20 N:P:K kg/ha + Rice husk ash 4t/ha gave significantly taller plants, flag leaf length, tillers/hill, filled grains/finger and finger length than other fertilizer treatments along with Rice husk ash (RHA).

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Basin is main carrying surface of rainwater collected from basin area and moves to main drain as river system. The basin surface characteristic governs the movement, storage and drainage in basin due to rainwater. Morphometric analysis is a quantitative description of a basin with important aspect of the basin character. Godawari basin divided into five sub-basins. Indrawati is main tributary river of Godawari originated from Mardiguda, Dandakarnya range of Kalahandi district, Odisha. The basin includes BastarCraton covering a large area (>2105 km2) in Central India, bounded by two Mesoproterozoic mobile belts, the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB) to the east, Satpura Mobile Belt to the northwest, and two major Palaeozoic tectonic features the Godavari Graben to the southwest and the Mahanadi Graben in the northeast. The basin has been extracted using Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTERGDEM)30 m (USGS, 2012) images by giving pour points and it has been projected on WGS 1984 UTM zone 45 for the morphometric analysis was used. Morphometric analysis expresses various aspects of basin characters which are 8 stream order (u), 85636 stream number, 42259.27 Stream length (Lu) (km), 0.493 Mean Stream length (Lsm), 3.144 Bifurcation ratio (Rb), 0.002 Length of overland flow (Lg), 0.110 drainage density (Dd), 3.088 Stream frequency (Fs), 1.220 Form factor (Ff), 2.634 Circulatory ratio (Rc), 0.0040 Elongation ratio (Re), 6.348 Leminscate method (k) and 1.758Reliefratio of Indrawati basin.

The present study conducted in the year of 2015, 2016 and 2017 aiming to determine the effect of brown manuring on rice (Oryza sativa L.) in inceptisol under midland farming of southern Chhattisgarh. Six treatment combinations with the objective of reducing chemical fertilizers, which were line sowing of rice and broadcasting dhaincha, line sowing of rice and dhaincha together in same row, incorporation of dhaincha in line sown rice at 30 DAS, broadcasting of rice and dhaincha, line sowing of rice and broadcasting of rice, all dhaincha crops were smothered by spraying 2,4-D at 25 DAS. The higher grain yield was with Line sowing of rice and dhaincha together in same row followed by line sowing of rice and broadcasting dhaincha and 30.95% higher grain yield in Line sowing of rice and dhaincha together in same row over broadcasting of rice. Soil organic carbon showed an overall increase over the initial SOC of 0.28%. The mean SOC (%) was 0.62, 0.45 and 0.41 % higher under line sowing of rice and dhaincha together in same row, line sowing of rice and broadcasting dhaincha and incorporation of dhaincha in line sown rice at 30 DAS treatments respectively over the broadcasting of rice. The highest B:C was under Line sowing of rice and dhaincha together in same row (4.26) then incorporation of dhaincha in line sown rice at 30 DAS (2.37) followed by broadcasting of rice and dhaincha line sowing of rice 2.39, 2.86 and 2.46, respectively.

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