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Field experiment was conducted to investigate the comparison between two types of ridge (panel and disc) using two spaces between the operational parts (90 and 110 cm) at two speeds (4 and 2.6 km/hr). First stage from this study was to identify the important dimensions to the local manufactured ridge (ridge panel) with selecting the appropriate material throughout series of material, mechanical and chemical analyses. Second stage was to evaluate the performance of this particular manufactured ridge by measuring the effects of this implement on draft force, slippage percentage and power-use-efficiency as well as field performance represented by field productivity, efficiency, and the size of the disturbed soil. Randomized Complete Block Design (split-split plot) was used in this experiment to find out the effects of the studied factors on the indications that mentioned above. The results have shown that the local manufactured panel ridge (LMPR) was significantly higher than the Conventional Disc Ridge (CDR) (P<0.05) in terms of power and performance efficiency. First speed (4 km/hr) was also significant by recording higher values for draft force, practical field productivity and the volume of disturbed soil compared with 2.6 km/hr. The wider distance between the operational parts (110 cm) was significantly higher in terms of practical field productivity and the volume of the disturbed soil compared with the smaller distance 90 cm (P<0.05), however, 90 cm recorded higher efficiency performance. The interaction between speed and the distance between the operational parts was also significant (P<0.05), where 2.6 km/hr with 110 cm recorded higher slippage percentage, and speed 4 km/hr resulted higher field productivity and disturbed soil when interacted with 110 cm distance. It is also found that all interactions between speeds, the types of ridge, the interactions between distance and the type of ridges were significantly effect on the power and performance indications. Where the local manufactured ridge at these speeds and distances was significantly better compared with the disc ridge through recording higher values for the power-use-efficiency (PUE), practical field productivity, performance-efficiency and the volume of the disturbed soil. The interaction between the three studied factors was also significant (P<0.05), where manufactured ridge recorded higher values compared with the disc ridge in terms of all investigated indications.  

Hydrocarbon chain, hydrophobic in nature, plays an important role in the efficiency of corrosion inhibitors. Increasing hydrocarbon chain length in a corrosion inhibitor tends to increase its inhibition efficiency (IE) but decrease its solubility in aqueous solutions. In this study, quaternary amine corrosion inhibitors with variable hydrocarbon chain lengths ranging from 10 to 16 carbons were synthesized and evaluated as acid corrosion inhibitors for coiled tubing steel. The substituents containing double and triple bonds were incorporated into the corrosion inhibitors to enhance their performance in HCl acid solutions. In addition to the quaternary nitrogen, three additional adsorption sites including propargyl and two allyl groups are present in this corrosion inhibitor. Behavior of these compounds in concentrated HCl acids was examined using gravimetric and electrochemical methods (polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)). Weight loss tests were conducted in 28 wt% HCl acid solutions at different temperatures and a soaking time of two hours was applied. The temperatures examined ranged from 30 to 90 °C. The results showed that IE increased in the order of C10 &lt; C12 &lt; C16 at 30 °C and while a reverse order was observed at higher examined temperatures (90 °C). At a temperature of 30 °C, an inhibitor concentration of 50 ppm gave the corrosion IE of 80.4, 78.3 and 67.2% for C16, C12 and C10, respectively, while at 90 °C, the corresponding inhibition efficiencies were 25.7, 21.1 and 15.4%. Polarization measurements showed that the inhibition mechanisms for C12 and C16 was via suppressing/retarding anodic reaction while a mixed- type mechanism was obtained for C10. The IE obtained by the polarization technique at 30 °C showed the same order obtained by weight loss method (C16&gt;C12&gt;C10) while at a temperature of 70 °C, the order was C16&gt;C10&gt;C12. This paper will present in detail, 1) the synthesis and characterization of the corrosion inhibitors, 2) the variation in their performance, and 3) subsequently, the potential mechanisms for obtained variations as a function of temperature are discussed.

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