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A simple and low-cost procedure for gel-like time-durable biological phantoms is presented in this work. Easily accessible materials are adopted, which are able to provide a flexible and controllable method to rapidly realize different kind of tissues. The proposed technique is applied to fabricate various tissue-mimicking phantoms, namely skin, muscle, blood and fat. Their effectiveness is first tested by performing dielectric characterization on a wide frequency range, from 500 MHz up to 5 GHz, and validating the measured dielectric parameters (dielectric constant and conductivity) by comparison with reference models in the literature. Then, a multi-layer phantom simulating the human arm is realized, and a wearable body sensor is adopted to prove the perfect agreement of the biometric response achieved in the presence of the fabricated phantom and that provided by a real human arm.

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Self-phasing can be achieved in a quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA) by displacing one of the bifilars along the axis of the helix, yielding a circularly polarized cardioid shaped pattern. Impedance bandwidth of 10% (2105-2345 MHz) has been achieved with Front to back ratio greater than 10 dB.

No abstract